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man of low birth

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1 man of low birth

Макаров: человек низкого происхождения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > man of low birth
2 man of low birth

zemas kārtas cilvēks

English-Latvian dictionary > man of low birth
3 a man of low birth

Макаров: человек низкого происхождения

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > a man of low birth
4 low

I
1. [ləʋ] n

1. самый низкий уровень

to reach a new low - снова /ещё больше/ упасть (о ценах и т. п.)

the pound reached an all-time low - курс фунта упал до небывало низкого уровня

2. обыкн. pl низина

3. метеор. область низкого барометрического давления; циклон

4. 1) карт. младший козырь

2) фоска ( игральная карта от двойки до десятки)

5. спорт. самый маленький счёт

6. авт. первая, низшая скорость

2. [ləʋ] a

1. 1) низкий, невысокий

low wall [ceiling, fence, table] - низкая стена [-ий потолок, -ая изгородь, -ий стол]

low range of hills - невысокий ряд холмов

low forehead - низкий лоб

low latitudes - геогр. низкие широты

low pressure - низкое давление

low frequency - радио, тлв. низкая частота

low polymer - хим. низший полимер

low trajectory - воен. настильная /отлогая/ траектория ( полёта снаряда)

low head - малый напор воды

low cover - подрост, нижний ярус ( в лесу)

low gear - авт. низшая /первая/ передача

of (a) low stature - невысокого роста

the moon was low in the sky - луна стояла низко над горизонтом

the glass is low - ртуть в барометре опустилась (низко)

2) низкий, низменный

trees growing in low, shady places - деревья, растущие в низких тенистых местах

2. 1) низкий, ниже обычного или желаемого уровня

low price [wages, rates, temperature] - низкая цена [заработная плата, -ие ставки, -ая температура]

low attendance - плохая посещаемость

low level of employment - низкий уровень занятости, большая безработица

low visibility - плохая /слабая, ограниченная, пониженная/ видимость

low tide - отлив, малая вода

to get low - понижаться, падать

the well is low - вода в колодце /в водоёме/ стоит на низком уровне

the river is low - река обмелела

we are getting low on sugar - у нас остаётся маловато сахару

2) открытый ( об одежде)

low slippers - открытые туфли

low dress - открытое /декольтированное/ платье

low neck - глубокий вырез, декольте

3. 1) тихий, негромкий

low whisper - тихий шёпот

to speak in a low voice - говорить тихим голосом /понизив голос/

2) низкий ( о звуке)

4. низкого происхождения, низкого социального положения

all sorts of people, high and low - всякие люди, люди разных классов

a man of low birth /origin/ - человек низкого происхождения

to have a low station in life - занимать очень скромное положение

5. 1) невысокоразвитый, стоящий на низкой ступени цивилизации

low tribes - племена, стоящие на низкой ступени развития

2) биол. низший

low forms of life - низшие формы жизни /живых существ/

low organisms - низшие организмы

6. 1) вульгарный, грубый; низкий; невоспитанный

low manners - плохие манеры; вульгарные манеры

low language - сквернословие

low fellow - невоспитанный /грубый/ человек, хам

low conduct - низкое поведение, хамство

low tastes - грубые вкусы

2) низкий, подлый

low trick - подлая выходка

low cunning - коварство; изворотливость

low stunt to pull - грязная проделка

low company - подозрительная компания; ≅ шпана

7. 1) слабый, пониженный, небольшой

low pulse - слабый пульс

low state of health - слабое здоровье

low fever - небольшой /несильный/ жар

in a low condition - в плохом /жалком/ состоянии

2) слабый, подавленный

to be feeling low - чувствовать себя неважно

to be in low spirits - быть в подавленном состоянии

3) подавленный, униженный

to bring low - подавлять, угнетать; унижать

to be brought low - быть униженным, подвергнуться унижениям

8. плохой, неблагоприятный

low opinion of smb. - плохое мнение о ком-л.

low estimate of smth. - плохая оценка чего-л.; неблагоприятный отзыв о чём-л.

9. скудный, недостаточный; непитательный; истощённый, исчерпанный

low diet - а) скудное питание; б) низкокалорийная диета

in low supply - дефицитный

to run low - истощаться (о запасах и т. п.)

to be low in pocket - разг. остаться без денег

to be in low supply - быть дефицитным

oil is in low supply - нефти не хватает; нефть поступает в недостаточном количестве

our stock of coal is very low - у нас осталось очень мало угля

10. сравнительно недавний, стоящий ближе к современности ( о дате)

low Latin - поздняя /народная, средневековая/ латынь

11. ( часто Low) церк. принадлежащие к низкой церкви [см. Low Church]

♢ to be low in the lay, to be in low water - сидеть без денег /на мели/, страдать от безденежья

3. [ləʋ] adv

1. низко

low at board - на (нижнем) конце стола

to bow low - низко кланяться; отвесить низкий поклон

to aim low - целить низко

to hang low - висеть низко

to sink low in the water - глубоко погрузиться в воду

stocks are running low - запасы кончаются

I hope I shall never fall as low as that - я надеюсь, что никогда не паду так низко

he sank low in my esteem - он низко пал в моих глазах

you value yourself too low - вы недостаточно /слишком мало/ себя цените

2. 1) тихо, негромко

to speak [to talk, to read] low - говорить [разговаривать, читать] тихо

2) на низких нотах

he cannot get so low - он не может взять такую низкую ноту

3. дёшево, по дешёвой цене

to buy low - покупать дёшево, купить по дешёвке

to play low - играть по маленькой (в карты, кости и т. п.)

4. скудно; бедно, в бедности

to live low - жить в бедности, скудно питаться

5. слабо

to burn low - слабо гореть

6. поздно, недавно

you can find it as low as the 18th century - это можно обнаружить ещё и в XVIII веке

♢ to lie low - а) припасть к земле, лежать распростёртым; б) поэт. лежать во прахе, быть мёртвым; в) быть униженным; г) притаиться, молчать, выжидать

to lay low - а) опрокинуть; свалить, повалить; б) унизить; в) похоронить
II
1. [ləʋ] n

мычание

2. [ləʋ] v

мычать

НБАРС > low
5 low

low [ləʊ]

bas ⇒ 1 (a)-(d), 1 (f), 1 (i), 1 (j), 2 (a)-(d), 3 (a) faible ⇒ 1 (b)-(e), 1 (i) mauvais ⇒ 1 (e) grossier ⇒ 1 (g) niveau bas ⇒ 3 (b) dépression ⇒ 3 (c)

1 adjective

(a) (in height) bas;

∎ this room has a low ceiling cette pièce est basse de plafond;

∎ low hills collines peu élevées;

∎ a low neckline un décolleté;

∎ the sun was already low in the sky le soleil était déjà bas dans le ciel;

∎ the houses are built on low ground les maisons sont bâties dans une cuvette;

∎ the river is low today la rivière est basse aujourd'hui;

∎ low bridge (sign) hauteur limitée

(b) (in scale → temperature) bas; (→ level) faible;

∎ the temperature is in the low twenties il fait un peu plus de vingt degrés;

∎ old people are given very low priority les personnes âgées ne sont absolument pas considérées comme prioritaires;

∎ I've reached a low point in my career j'ai atteint un creux dans ma carrière;

∎ their relationship is at a low ebb leurs relations sont au plus bas;

∎ a low blood count une numération globulaire basse

(c) (in degree, intensity → probability, visibility) faible; (→ fire) bas; (→ lighting) faible, tamisé;

∎ cook on a low heat faire cuire à feu doux;

∎ to keep a low profile garder un profil bas

(d) (below average → number, cost, price, rate) bas, faible; (→ profit) faible, maigre; (→ salary) peu élevé;

∎ low economic growth faible croissance économique;

∎ attendance was low il y avait peu de monde;

∎ we're only playing for low stakes nous ne jouons que de petites mises, nous ne jouons pas de grosses sommes;

∎ we're rather low on whisky on n'a plus beaucoup de whisky;

∎ we're getting low on kerosene nous allons bientôt être à court de kérosène;

∎ our water supply is getting low notre réserve d'eau baisse;

∎ the ammunition is getting low nous aurons bientôt épuisé les munitions;

∎ low in calories pauvre en calories;

∎ the soil is very low in nitrogen la terre est très pauvre en azote

(e) (poor → intelligence, standard) faible; (→ opinion) faible, piètre; (→ in health) mauvais, médiocre; (→ in quality) mauvais;

∎ he's very low at the moment il est bien bas ou bien affaibli en ce moment;

∎ I'm in rather low spirits, I feel rather low je n'ai pas le moral, je suis assez déprimé;

∎ the pupils in this school have a low standard of reading les élèves de cette école ont un niveau faible en lecture;

∎ a low quality carpet une moquette de mauvaise qualité

(f) (in rank) bas, inférieur;

∎ to be of low birth être de basse extraction ou d'origine modeste;

∎ low ranking officials petits fonctionnaires mpl, fonctionnaires mpl subalternes

(g) (vulgar → behaviour) grossier; (→ tastes) vulgaire;

∎ to keep low company fréquenter des gens peu recommandables;

∎ that was a low trick c'était un sale tour;

∎ that was rather a low thing to do ce n'était pas très joli de faire une chose pareille;

∎ a man of low cunning un homme d'une ruse ignoble

(h) (primitive)

∎ low forms of life des formes de vie inférieures ou peu évoluées

(i) (soft → voice, music) bas, faible; (→ light) faible;

∎ keep your voice low ne parlez pas trop fort;

∎ in a low voice à voix basse, à mi-voix;

∎ turn the radio down low mettez la radio moins fort;

∎ turn the lights down low baissez les lumières;

∎ she gave a low groan elle poussa un faible gémissement;

∎ we heard a low moan nous avons entendu une plainte étouffée

(j) (deep → note, voice) bas

(k) Cards

∎ to play a low trump jouer un petit atout

2 adverb

(a) (in height) bas;

∎ lower down plus bas;

∎ aim low visez bas;

∎ I can't bend down that low je ne peux pas me pencher si bas;

∎ a helicopter flew low over the town un hélicoptère a survolé la ville à basse altitude;

∎ the sun sank low on the horizon le soleil est descendu très bas sur l'horizon;

∎ she was sitting very low in her chair elle était avachie sur sa chaise;

∎ he bowed low il s'inclina profondément;

∎ to lie low (hide) se cacher; (keep low profile) adopter un profil bas;

∎ to be laid low (ill) être immobilisé

(b) (in intensity) bas;

∎ the fire had burnt low le feu avait baissé;

∎ stocks are running low les réserves baissent;

∎ the batteries are running low les piles sont usées;

∎ turn the music down low baisse la musique

(c) (in tone) bas;

∎ I can't sing that low je ne peux pas chanter aussi bas

(d) (in price)

∎ to buy low acheter à bas prix; Stock Exchange acheter quand les cours sont bas

(e) (morally)

∎ I wouldn't stoop or sink so low as to tell lies je ne m'abaisserais pas à mentir

3 noun

(a) (in height) bas m

(b) (degree, level) niveau m bas, point m bas;

∎ the dollar has reached a record low le dollar a atteint son niveau le plus bas;

∎ the share price has reached a new low l'indice des actions est descendu à son plus bas niveau;

∎ inflation is at an all-time low l'inflation est à son niveau le plus bas;

∎ relations between them are at an all-time low leurs relations n'ont jamais été si mauvaises;

∎ Stock Exchange the highs and lows les hauts mpl et les bas mpl

(c) (setting) minimum m;

∎ the heating is on low le chauffage est au minimum

(d) Meteorology dépression f

(e) American Cars

∎ in low en première/seconde

(f) literary (of cattle) meuglement m, beuglement m

4 intransitive verb

meugler, beugler

►► Cards the low cards les basses cartes fpl;

Low Church

1 noun

= section de l'Église anglicane qui se distingue par la simplicité du rituel

2 adjective

= de tendance conservatrice, dans l'Église anglicane;

Theatre low comedy farce f;

the Low Countries les Pays-Bas mpl;

∎ in the Low Countries aux Pays-Bas;

familiar low five = tape amicale donnée dans la paume de quelqu'un pour le saluer, le féliciter ou en signe de victoire;

American low gear première (vitesse) f;

∎ Cars engage low gear (sign) utilisez le frein moteur;

Low German bas allemand m;

Low Latin bas latin m;

low life pègre f; (individual → disreputable) voyou m, crapule f; (→ criminal) membre m du milieu ou de la pègre;

Religion Low Mass messe f basse;

low pressure basse pression f;

∎ Meteorology a low pressure area, an area of low pressure une zone de basse pression;

the low season la basse saison;

low season holidays vacances fpl hors saison;

low technology technologie f de base;

low tide marée f basse;

∎ at low tide à marée basse;

low water (UNCOUNT) basses eaux fpl

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > low
6 low

̈ɪləu I
1. сущ. мычание, рев( быка, коровы и т. п.) Syn: moo, mumbling
2. гл.
1) а) мычать, реветь( о домашнем скоте) Syn: moo, bellow
2. б) мычать, произносить нечленораздельные звуки (о человеке, тж. с forth) Syn: bellow
2.
2) перен. гудеть, выть, завывать;
отражать эхо( о пещере) Syn: bellow
2., howl
2. II
1. прил.
1) а) низкий, невысокий (физически;
небольшой по высоте;
отстоящий невысоко от земли и т. п.) a low bush (hill, man, fence, ceiling) ≈ низкий куст (холм, человек, забор, потолок) low forehead ≈ низкий лоб low stature ≈ невысокий рост the sun is low ≈ солнце стоит низко low bridge ≈ невысокий мост low obeisance ≈ низкий реверанс Syn: little
1., short
1. handle Ant: tall, high I
1. б) низкий, низменный low relief ≈ низменность
2) мелкий, неглубокий( о воде) low water, low tide ≈ отлив low ebb а) отлив;
б) перен. спад, упадок
3) (об одежде и т. п.) открытый;
низкий low oxfords ≈ невысокие полуботинки low neck ≈ глубокий вырез, декольте low (cut) dress ≈ платье с глубоким вырезом;
декольтированное платье
4) о звуке а) тихий, негромкий in a low voice ≈ тихим голосом, понизив голос б) низкий (о звуке) муз. на полтона ниже A low ≈ ля бемоль Syn: flat I
1. в) низко настроенный( об инструменте)
5) а) слабый, ослабленный (о здоровье, силах и т. п.) to be very low with pneumonia ≈ слечь с пневмонией Syn: weak, prostrate
1. б) упавший духом, безжизненный;
унылый;
подавленный to feel low ≈ быть в депрессии you bring me low ≈ у меня от вас падает настроение a low frame of mind ≈ пессимистический склад характера Syn: depressed
6) а) низкий, ниже желаемого или должного уровня low birth ≈ низкая рождаемость low pressure ≈ низкое давление low visibility ≈ плохая видимость a low level of employment ≈ низкий уровень занятости low prices ≈ низкие цены low wages ≈ низкая заработная плата Syn: substandard, inadequate б) скудный, недостаточный;
истощенный, исчерпанный low supply ≈ недостаточное обеспечение;
недостача, дефицит to run low ≈ истощаться( о запасах) he is in low pocket ≈ разг. он на мели (т. е. у него нет денег) in low circumstances ≈ в стесненных обстоятельствах Syn: short
1., depleted
7) низкий;
низший( по некоторой шкале, в некоторой иерархии и т. п.) low gear ≈ авт. первая передача, первая скорость the thermometer/glass is low ≈ ртутный столбик в термометре/барометре упал low polymer ≈ хим. низший полимер low frequency ≈ радио низкая частота low head ≈ малый напор воды low to paper ≈ мелкий шрифт low vowel ≈ фон. гласный нижнего подъема men low in the social scale ≈ люди, занимающие низшие ступени в общественной иерархии
8) а) заурядный, рядовой;
низкий по развитию low type of intelligence ≈ недостаточно образованный Syn: commonplace
2., mean I б) низкий, вульгарный;
непристойный (о языке, литературном стиле, авторе) Syn: coarse, vulgar
1. в) невоспитанный, грубый, вульгарный a low mannered man ≈ очень невоспитанный человек Syn: coarse, vulgar
1.
9) а) низкого происхождения, сословия of low birth/origin ≈ низкого происхождения Syn: ignoble б) низший, невысокоразвитой;
находящийся на ранних стадиях эволюции (об организмах, обществе и т. д.) low organisms ≈ низшие организмы low races ≈ низшие расы
10) подлый, низкий, низменный ( о поступке, человеке и т. д.) a low trick ≈ подлость, подлый поступок Syn: abject, base II
1., mean I
11) плохой, нелестный;
неприятный( о мнении, отзыве и т. п.) to have a low opinion of smb. ≈ сформировать плохое мнение о ком-л. Syn: unfavorable, disparaging ∙ Low Sunday церк. ≈ Фомино воскресенье (первое после пасхи) to be low in the lay, in low water ≈ ид. сидеть на мели, без копья в кармане lay low
2. нареч.
1) тж. перен. низко;
глубоко at low board ≈ в дальнем конце стола to dance low ≈ танцевать, приподнимая ноги только чуть-чуть to sink low ≈ глубоко погрузиться, утонуть to fall low ≈ перен. низко пасть
2) скромно, по-скромному;
делая что-л. по минимуму;
недостаточно питаясь we lived very low ≈ жили мы в жуткой бедности to burn low ≈ слабо гореть breed (a person) low ≈ плохо воспитать, недоучить ( кого-л.) play low ≈ играть по-мелкому;
не делать крупных ставок Syn: humbly
3) а) негромко, тихо to speak low ≈ говорить тихо Syn: gently, softly б) низко, на низкой ноте to get low ≈ взять низко во время пения
4) о времени недавно;
поздно as low as the time of Pope Alexander the third ≈ до времени самого Папы Римского Александра Третьего
3. сущ.
1) тж. мн. а) низина, ложбина между дюнами б) вода, остающаяся в таких ложбинах после отлива Syn: hollow
1., valley
2) метеор. область низкого барометрического давления
3) минимум, самый низкий уровень чего-л., обычно измеряющегося числами а) ценовой минимум б) статистический минимум (смертности, прироста населения и т. п.) в) низшая температурная отметка (для какой-л. конкретной области) г) спорт самый низкий счет
4) карт. козырная двойка, самый младший козырь
5) первая передача, первая скорость( автомобиля) самый низкий уровень - to reach a new * снова /еще больше/ упасть (о ценах и т. п.) - the pound reached an all-time * курс фунта упал до небывало низкого уровня обыкн. pl низина (метеорология) область низкого барометрического давления;
циклон( карточное) младший козырь фоска (игральная карта от двойки до десятки) (спортивное) самый маленький счет( автомобильное) первая, низшая скорость низкий, невысокий - * wall низкая стена - * range of hills невысокий ряд холмов - * forehead низкий лоб - * latitudes (география) низкие широты - * pressure низкое давление - * frequency (радиотехника) (телевидение) низкая частота - * polymer (химическое) низший полимер - * trajectory( военное) настильная /отлогая/ траектория( полета снаряда) - * head малый напор воды - * cover подрост, нижний ярус (в лесу) - * gear (автомобильное) низшая /первая/ передача - of (a) * stature невысокого роста - the moon was * in the sky луна стояла низко над горизонтом - the glass is * ртуть в барометре опустилась (низко) низкий, низменный - trees growing in *, shady places деревья, растущие в низких тенистых местах низкий, ниже обычного или желаемого уровня - * price низкая цена - * attendance плохая посещаемость - * level of employment низкий уровень занятости, большая безработица - * visibility плохая /слабая, ограниченная, пониженная/ видимость - * tide отлив, малая вода - to get * понижаться, падать - the well is * вода в колодце /в водоеме/ стоит на низком уровне - the river is * река обмелела - we are getting * on sugar у нас остается маловато сахару открытый (об одежде) - * slippers открытые туфли - * dress открытое /декольтированное/ платье - * neck глубокий вырез, декольте тихий, негромкий - * whisper тихий шепот - to speak in a * voice говорить тихим голосом /понизив голос/ низкий (о звуке) низкого происхождения, низкого социального положения - all sorts of people. high and * всякие люди, люди разных классов - a man of * birth /origin/ человек низкого происхождения - to have a * station in life занимать очень скромное положение невысокоразвитый, стоящий на низкой ступени цивилизации - * tribes племена, стоящие на низкой ступени развития (биология) низший - * forms of life низшие формы жизни /живых существ/ - * organisms низшие организмы вульгарный, грубый;
низкий;
невоспитанный - * manners плохие манеры;
вульгарные манеры - * langauge сквернословие - * fellow невоспитанный /грубый/ человек, хам - * conduct низкое поведение, хамство - * tastes грубые вкусы низкий, подлый " * trick подлая выходка - * cunning коварство;
изворотливость - * stunt to pull грязная проделка - * company подозрительная компания;
шпана слабый, пониженный;
небольшой - * pulse слабый пульс - * state of health слабое здоровье - * fever небольшой /несильный/ жар - in a * condition в плохом /жалком/ состоянии слабый, подавленный - to be feeling * чувствовать себя неважно - to be in * spirits быть в подавленном состоянии подавленный, униженный - to bring * подавлять, угнетать;
унижать - to be brought * быть униженным, подвергнуться унижениям плохой, неблагоприятный - * opinion of smb. плохое мнение о ком-л. - * estimate of smth. плохая оценка чего-л.;
неблагоприятный отзыв о чем-л. скудный, недостаточный;
непитательный;
истощенный, исчерпанный - * diet скудное питание;
низкокалорийная диета - in * supply дефицитный - to run * истощаться (о запасах и т. п.) - to be * in pocket остаться без денег - to be in * supply быть дефицитным - oil is in * supply нефти не хватает;
нефть поступает в недостаточном количестве - our stock of coal is very * у нас осталось очень мало угля сравнительно недавний, стоящий ближе к современности (о дате) - * Latin поздняя /народная, средневековая/ латынь (часто L.) (церковное) принадлежащие к низкой церкви > to be * in the lay, to be in * water сидеть без денег /на мели/, страдать от безденежья низко - * at board на (нижнм) конце стола - to bow * низко кланяться;
отвесить низкий поклон - to aim * целить низко - to hang * висеть низко - to sink * in the water глубоко погрузиться в воду - stocks are running * запасы кончаются - I hope I shall never fall as * as that я надеюсь, что никогда не паду так низко - he sank * in my esteem он низко пал в моих глазах - you value yourself too * вы недостаточно /слишком мало/ себя цените тихо, негромко - to speak * говорить тихо на низких нотах - he cannot get so * он не может взять такую низкую ноту дешево, по дешевой цене - to buy * покупать дешево, купить по дешевке - to play * играть по маленькой (в карты, кости и т. п.) скудно;
бедно, в бедности - to live * жить в бедности, скудно питаться слабо - to burn * слабо гореть поздно, недавно - you can find it as * as the 18th century это можно обнаружить еще и в XVIII веке > to lie * припасть к земле, лежать распростертым;
лежать во прахе, быть мертвым;
быть униженным;
притаиться, молчать, выжидать > to lay * опрокинуть;
свалить, повалить;
унизить;
похоронить мычание мычать all-time ~ небывало низкий уровень all-time ~ рекордно низкий уровень ~ небольшой, недостаточный;
low wages низкая заработная плата;
to be in low circumstances быть в стесненных обстоятельствах ~ низко;
to bow low низко кланяться to bring ~ подавлять;
унижать ~ слабо, тихо, чуть;
to speak low говорить тихо;
to burn low гореть слабо ~ по низкой цене, дешево;
to buy low купить дешево;
to play low играть по низкой ставке ~ плохой, скверный;
to form a low opinion (of smb.) составить себе плохое мнение (о ком-л.), быть невысокого мнения( о ком-л.) ~ скудный, непитательный (о диете) ;
истощенный, опустошенный( о запасах, кошельке) ;
low supply недостаточное снабжение;
in low supply дефицитный to lay ~ повалить, опрокинуть to lay ~ похоронить to lay ~ унизить to lie ~ быть униженным to lie ~ лежать мертвым to lie ~ разг. притаиться, выжидать low в бедности;
to live low жить бедно low в бедности;
to live low жить бедно ~ вульгарный, грубый;
низкий, подлый;
непристойный;
low comedy комедия, граничащая с фарсом ~ метео область низкого барометрического давления ~ минимум ~ карт. младший козырь ~ мычание ~ мычать ~ неблагоприятный ~ небольшой, недостаточный;
low wages низкая заработная плата;
to be in low circumstances быть в стесненных обстоятельствах ~ недостаточный ~ низкий, невысокий;
low tide (или water) малая вода;
отлив ~ низкий ~ (самый) низкий уровень ~ низко;
to bow low низко кланяться ~ низкого происхождения ~ биол. низший;
невысокоразвитой ~ первая, низшая передача (автомобиля) ~ плохой, скверный;
to form a low opinion (of smb.) составить себе плохое мнение (о ком-л.), быть невысокого мнения (о ком-л.) ~ по низкой цене, дешево;
to buy low купить дешево;
to play low играть по низкой ставке ~ с глубоким вырезом, с большим декольте (о платье) ~ спорт. самый низкий счет ~ самый низкий уровень ~ скудный, непитательный (о диете) ;
истощенный, опустошенный (о запасах, кошельке) ;
low supply недостаточное снабжение;
in low supply дефицитный ~ слабо, тихо, чуть;
to speak low говорить тихо;
to burn low гореть слабо ~ слабый;
подавленный;
пониженный;
low pulse слабый пульс;
low visibility плохая видимость ~ тихий, негромкий (о голосе) ;
низкий (о ноте) ;
low whisper тихий шепот ~ униженно lower: ~ сравн. ст. от low низший;
нижний;
lower deck нижняя палуба ~ вульгарный, грубый;
низкий, подлый;
непристойный;
low comedy комедия, граничащая с фарсом ~ слабый;
подавленный;
пониженный;
low pulse слабый пульс;
low visibility плохая видимость ~ spirits подавленность, уныние;
to feel low чувствовать себя подавленным Low Sunday церк. Фомино воскресенье (первое после пасхи) ~ скудный, непитательный (о диете) ;
истощенный, опустошенный (о запасах, кошельке) ;
low supply недостаточное снабжение;
in low supply дефицитный ~ низкий, невысокий;
low tide (или water) малая вода;
отлив ~ слабый;
подавленный;
пониженный;
low pulse слабый пульс;
low visibility плохая видимость ~ небольшой, недостаточный;
low wages низкая заработная плата;
to be in low circumstances быть в стесненных обстоятельствах ~ тихий, негромкий (о голосе) ;
низкий (о ноте) ;
low whisper тихий шепот ~ по низкой цене, дешево;
to buy low купить дешево;
to play low играть по низкой ставке price too ~ назначать слишком низкую цену ~ слабо, тихо, чуть;
to speak low говорить тихо;
to burn low гореть слабо

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > low
7 low

I 1. adjective
1) (not reaching far up) niedrig; niedrig, flach [Absätze, Stirn]; flach [Relief]

2) (below normal level) niedrig; tief [Flug]; flach [Welle]; tief ausgeschnitten [Kleid]; tief [Ausschnitt]

3) (not elevated) tief liegend [Wiese, Grund, Land]; tiefhängend [Wolke]; tief stehend [Gestirne]; tief [Verbeugung]

4) (inferior) niedrig; gering [Intelligenz, Bildung]; gewöhnlich [Geschmack]

5) (not fair) gemein

6) (Cards) niedrig

7) (small in degree) niedrig; gering [Sichtweite, Wert]

have a low opinion of somebody/something — von jemandem/etwas keine hohe Meinung haben

8) (in pitch) tief [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang]; (in loudness) leise [Ton, Stimme]

9) (nearly gone) fast verbraucht od. aufgebraucht

run low — allmählich ausgehen od. zu Ende gehen. See also academic.ru/43997/lower">lower II 1.
2. adverb
1) (in or to a low position) tief; niedrig, tief [hängen]; see also high 2. 1)

2) (to a low level)

prices have gone too low — die Preise sind zu weit gefallen

3) (not loudly) leise

4)

lay somebody low — (prostrate) jemanden niederstrecken (geh.)

lie low — am Boden liegen; (hide) untertauchen. See also lower II 2.
3. noun
1) (Meteorol.) Tief, das

2) Tiefststand, der; see also all-time
II intransitive verb
[Kuh:] muhen

* * *
I 1. [ləu] adjective
1) (not at or reaching up to a great distance from the ground, sea-level etc: low hills; a low ceiling; This chair is too low for the child.) niedrig

2) (making little sound; not loud: She spoke in a low voice.) leise

3) (at the bottom of the range of musical sounds: That note is too low for a female voice.) tief

4) (small: a low price.) niedrig

5) (not strong; weak or feeble: The fire was very low.) schwach

6) (near the bottom in grade, rank, class etc: low temperatures; the lower classes.) niedrig
2. adverb
(in or to a low position, manner or state: The ball flew low over the net.) niedrig

- lower
- lowly
- lowliness
- low-down
- lowland
- lowlander
- lowlands
- low-lying
- low-tech 3. adjective
low-tech industries/skills.)

- low tide/water
- be low on II [ləu] verb
(to make the noise of cattle; to moo: The cows were lowing.) brüllen

* * *

low¹

[ləʊ, AM loʊ]

I. adj

1. (in height) niedrig

at a \low altitude in geringer Höhe

\low heels flache [o niedrige] Absätze

\low neckline tiefer Ausschnitt

\low slope flacher Abhang

the dress has a \low waist das Kleid hat eine tief angesetzte Taille

2. (in number) gering, wenig

\low attendance geringe Besucherzahl

\low blood pressure niedriger Blutdruck

\low calibre kleines Kaliber

people of [a] \low calibre ( fig) Leute mit wenig Format

to be \low in calories/cholesterol kalorien-/cholesterinarm sein

to be \low in funds wenig Geld haben, knapp bei Kasse sein fam

to keep sth \low etw niedrig halten

3. (depleted) knapp

\low stocks geringe Vorräte

to be [or get] [or run] \low zur Neige gehen, knapp werden

we were getting \low on supplies unsere Vorräte waren fast erschöpft

the batteries are running \low die Batterien sind fast leer

the bulb was \low die Glühbirne brannte nur noch schwach

4. (not loud) leise

\low groaning verhaltenes Stöhnen

in a \low voice mit leiser [o gedämpfter] Stimme

5. (not high-pitched) voice tief

\low pitch tiefe Stimmlage

6. (not intense) niedrig; light gedämpft

on a \low burner [or flame] auf kleiner Flamme

\low frequency Niederfrequenz f

\low heat schwache Hitze

roast the chicken at \low heat braten Sie das Hähnchen bei niedriger Hitze

7. (not good)

\low morale schlechte Moral

to have a \low opinion of sb von jdm nicht viel halten

\low quality minderwertige Qualität

to hold sth in \low regard etw geringschätzen

\low self-esteem geringe Selbstachtung

\low standards (in technics) schlechter [o niedriger] Standard; (in tests, etc) niedriges Niveau

\low visibility schlechte Sicht

8. (not important) niedrig, gering

to be a \low priority nicht so wichtig sein

9. (unfair, mean) gemein

\low trick gemeiner Trick

to get \low gemein [o niederträchtig] sein

how \low can you get? wie tief willst du noch sinken?

10. (sad)

in \low spirits niedergeschlagen, in gedrückter Stimmung

to feel \low niedergeschlagen [o deprimiert] sein

11. LING vowel offen

II. adv

1. (in height) niedrig

to be cut \low dress, blouse tief ausgeschnitten sein

to fly \low tief fliegen

2. (to a low level) tief

to turn the music \lower die Musik leiser stellen

turn the oven on \low stell den Ofen auf kleine Hitze

3. (cheap) billig

to buy \low billig [o günstig] einkaufen

4. (not loudly) leise

to speak \low leise sprechen

5. (not high-pitched) tief

to sing \low tief [o mit tiefer Stimme] singen

III. n

1. (low level) Tiefstand m, Tiefpunkt m

to be at a \low auf einem Tiefpunkt sein

to hit [or reach] a \low an einen Tiefpunkt gelangen

2. METEO Tief nt

expected \lows near 0° C today die Tiefstwerte liegen heute vermutlich bei 0° C

record \low Rekordtief nt

3. AUTO erster Gang

put the car in \low legen Sie den ersten Gang ein

4. AM ( fig: person)

▪ to be in \low schlapp sein fam

5.

▶ to be the lowest of the \low ein ganz gemeiner Typ sein fam

low²

[ləʊ, AM loʊ]

I. n Muhen nt

II. vi cow muhen

* * *
I [ləʊ]
1. adj (+er)

1) niedrig; form of life, musical key nieder; bow, note tief; density, intelligence gering; food supplies knapp; pulse schwach; quality gering; light gedämpft, schwach; (pej) minderwertig (pej); (LING) vowel offen; (MATH) denominator klein

the lamp was low — die Lampe brannte schwach

the sun was low in the sky — die Sonne stand tief am Himmel

her dress was low at the neck — ihr Kleid hatte einen tiefen Ausschnitt

low blow or punch — Tiefschlag m

that punch was a bit low — der Schlag war etwas tief

the river is low — der Fluss hat or führt wenig Wasser

a ridge of low pressure — ein Tiefdruckkeil

low density housing — aufgelockerte Bauweise

activity on the stock exchange is at its lowest — die Börsentätigkeit hat ihren Tiefstand erreicht

to be low in funds — knapp bei Kasse sein (inf)

2)

(= not loud or shrill) to speak in a low voice — leise sprechen

3) (= socially inferior, vulgar) birth nieder, niedrig; rank, position untergeordnet, niedrig; character, company schlecht; trick gemein

I really felt low having to tell him that — ich kam mir richtig gemein vor, dass ich ihm das sagen musste

how low can you get! — wie kann man nur so tief sinken!

low cunning — Gerissenheit f

4) (= weak in health or spirits) resistance schwach, gering; morale schlecht

the patient is rather low today —

to be in low health to be in low spirits — bei schlechter Gesundheit sein in gedrückter Stimmung sein, bedrückt or niedergeschlagen sein

to feel low — sich nicht wohlfühlen or gut fühlen; (emotionally) niedergeschlagen sein

to make sb feel low (events) — jdn mitnehmen, jdm zu schaffen machen; (people) jdn mitnehmen or bedrücken

2. adv
aim nach unten; speak, sing leise; fly, bow tief
they turned the lamps down low — sie drehten die Lampen herunter

a dress cut low in the back — ein Kleid mit tiefem Rückenausschnitt

to fall low (morally) — tief sinken

I would never sink so low as to... — so tief würde ich nie sinken, dass ich...

share prices went so low that... —

to buy low and sell high — billig kaufen und teuer verkaufen

to lay sb low (Brit) (punch) — jdn zu Boden strecken; (disease) jdn befallen

he's been laid low with the flu (Brit) —

to play low (Cards) — um einen niedrigen or geringen Einsatz spielen

to run or get low — knapp werden

or gas (US) — uns (dat) geht das Benzin aus

3. n

1) (MET) Tief nt; (fig also) Tiefpunkt m, Tiefstand m

to reach a new low — einen neuen Tiefstand erreichen

this represents a new low in advertising — so tief ist die Werbung noch nie zuvor gesunken

2) (AUT: low gear) niedriger Gang
II
1. n
(of cow) Muh nt
2. vi
muhen
* * *

low¹ [ləʊ]

A adj

1. auch fig niedrig (Gebäude, Lohn, Preis, Stirn, Zahl etc):

low brook seichter Bach;

low speed geringe Geschwindigkeit;

low in calories kalorienarm;

low in fat fettarm;

bring low fig

a) jemanden demütigen,

b) jemanden ruinieren;

lay low

a) jemanden niederschlagen, -schießen,

b) jemanden ans Bett fesseln, umwerfen umg (Krankheit);

sell low billig verkaufen; → profile A 1

2. tief gelegen (Land etc)

3. tief (Verbeugung etc):

low flying FLUG Tiefflug m;

the sun is low die Sonne steht tief; → beam A 6

4. → low-necked

5. a) fast leer (Gefäß)

b) fast erschöpft, knapp (Vorrat etc):

get ( oder run) low knapp werden, zur Neige gehen;

he is getting ( oder running) low on money ihm geht allmählich das Geld aus;

be low on funds knapp bei Kasse sein umg; → budget A 2

6. schwach, kraftlos, matt:

low pulse schwacher Puls

7. Kost etc:

a) wenig nahrhaft

b) einfach

8. gedrückt, niedergeschlagen, deprimiert:

feel low

a) in gedrückter Stimmung sein,

b) sich elend fühlen ( → A 13 c); → spirit A 8

9. (zeitlich) verhältnismäßig neu oder jung:

of low date (verhältnismäßig) neuen Datums

10. gering(schätzig): → opinion 3

11. minderwertig

12. (sozial) unter(er, e, es), nieder, niedrig:

of low birth von niedriger Geburt;

low life das Leben der einfachen Leute

13. a) gewöhnlich, niedrig (denkend oder gesinnt):

low thinking niedrige Denkungsart

b) ordinär, vulgär (Person, Ausdruck etc)

c) gemein, niederträchtig (Trick etc):

feel low sich gemein vorkommen ( → A 8)

14. nieder, primitiv:

low forms of life niedere Lebensformen;

low race primitive Rasse

15. tief (Ton etc)

16. leise (Ton, Stimme etc):

in a low voice leise

17. LING offen

18. Low → Low-Church

19. TECH erst(er, e, es), niedrigst(er, e, es): → gear A 3 b

B adv

1. niedrig:

it hangs low;

aim lower

2. tief:

bow low

3. fig tief:

sunk thus low so tief gesunken

4. kärglich, dürftig:

live low ein kärgliches Leben führen

5. niedrig, mit geringem Einsatz:

play low niedrig spielen

6. tief (klingend):

sing low tief singen

7. leise:

talk low

C s

1. AUTO erster oder niedrigster Gang

2. METEO Tief(druckgebiet) n

3. fig Tief(punkt) n(m), -stand m:

be at a new low einen neuen Tiefpunkt erreicht haben; → high C 4

low² [ləʊ]

A v/i brüllen, muhen (Rind)

B s Brüllen n, Muhen n

* * *
I 1. adjective
1) (not reaching far up) niedrig; niedrig, flach [Absätze, Stirn]; flach [Relief]

2) (below normal level) niedrig; tief [Flug]; flach [Welle]; tief ausgeschnitten [Kleid]; tief [Ausschnitt]

3) (not elevated) tief liegend [Wiese, Grund, Land]; tiefhängend [Wolke]; tief stehend [Gestirne]; tief [Verbeugung]

4) (inferior) niedrig; gering [Intelligenz, Bildung]; gewöhnlich [Geschmack]

5) (not fair) gemein

6) (Cards) niedrig

7) (small in degree) niedrig; gering [Sichtweite, Wert]

have a low opinion of somebody/something — von jemandem/etwas keine hohe Meinung haben

8) (in pitch) tief [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang]; (in loudness) leise [Ton, Stimme]

9) (nearly gone) fast verbraucht od. aufgebraucht

run low — allmählich ausgehen od. zu Ende gehen. See also lower II 1.
2. adverb
1) (in or to a low position) tief; niedrig, tief [hängen]; see also high 2. 1)

2) (to a low level)

prices have gone too low — die Preise sind zu weit gefallen

3) (not loudly) leise

4)

lay somebody low — (prostrate) jemanden niederstrecken (geh.)

lie low — am Boden liegen; (hide) untertauchen. See also lower II 2.
3. noun
1) (Meteorol.) Tief, das

2) Tiefststand, der; see also all-time
II intransitive verb
[Kuh:] muhen

* * *

adj.

leise (Stimme) adj.

nieder adj.

niedrig adj.

tief adj. v.

blöken (Rind) v.

muhen v.

English-german dictionary > low
8 low

[ləu] I 1. сущ.
мычание, рёв (быка, коровы)

Syn:

moo
2. гл.
1)

а) мычать, реветь ( о домашнем скоте)

Syn:

moo, bellow

б) = low forth мычать, произносить нечленораздельные звуки ( о человеке)

Syn:

bellow

2)

а) гудеть, выть, завывать

Syn:

howl

б) отражать эхо ( о пещере)
II 1. прил.
1)

а) низкий, невысокий

low ceiling — низкий потолок

low forehead — низкий лоб

low stature — невысокий рост

low bridge — невысокий мост

low obeisance — низкий реверанс

The sun is low. — Солнце стоит низко.

Syn:

little, short

Ant:

tall, high

б) низкий, низменный

low ground — низина, низменность

2) мелкий, неглубокий ( о воде)

low water / tide — отлив

- low ebb

3) открытый; низкий (об одежде, обуви)

low oxfords — невысокие полуботинки

low neck — глубокий вырез, декольте

low (cut) dress — платье с глубоким вырезом; декольтированное платье

4)

а) тихий

- in a low voice

б) низкий ( о звуке); муз. на полтона ниже

A low — ля бемоль

Syn:

flat

в) низко настроенный ( об инструменте)

5)

а) слабый, ослабленный (о здоровье, силах)

to be very low with pneumonia — слечь с пневмонией

Syn:

weak, prostrate

б) упавший духом, безжизненный; унылый; подавленный

low frame of mind — пессимистический склад характера

to feel low — быть в депрессии

They bring me low. — У меня от них ухудшается настроение.

Syn:

depressed

в) подавленный, униженный

6)

а) низкий, ниже желаемого или должного уровня

low birth — низкая рождаемость

low pressure — низкое давление

low visibility — плохая видимость

low level of employment — низкий уровень занятости

low prices — низкие цены

low wages — низкая заработная плата

Syn:

substandard, inadequate

б) скудный, недостаточный; истощённый, исчерпанный

low supply — недостаточное обеспечение; недостача, дефицит

in low circumstances — в стеснённых обстоятельствах

to run low — истощаться ( о запасах)

He is in low pocket. — разг. Он на мели. ( без денег)

Syn:

short, depleted

7) низкий; низший (по некоторой шкале, в некоторой иерархии)

low gear — авто первая передача, первая скорость

low polymer — хим. низший полимер

low frequency — радио низкая частота

low head — малый напор воды

low vowel — лингв. гласный нижнего подъёма

men low in the social scale — люди, занимающие низшие ступени в общественной иерархии

The thermometer / glass is low. — Ртутный столбик в термометре / барометре упал.

8)

а) заурядный, рядовой; низкий по развитию

low intelligence — низкий интеллект

Syn:

commonplace 2., mean I

б) низкий, вульгарный; непристойный (о языке, литературном стиле, авторе)

Syn:

coarse, vulgar

в) невоспитанный, грубый, вульгарный

low mannered man — очень невоспитанный человек

Syn:

coarse, vulgar

9)

а) низкого происхождения, сословия

of low birth / origin — низкого происхождения

Syn:

ignoble

б) низший, невысокоразвитый; находящийся на ранних стадиях эволюции (об организмах, обществе)

low organisms — низшие организмы

10) подлый, низкий, низменный (о поступке, человеке)

low trick — подлость, подлый поступок

- low action
- low act
Syn:

abject, base II, mean I

11) плохой, нелестный; неприятный (о мнении, отзыве)

to have a low opinion of smb. — быть плохого мнения о ком-л.

Syn:

unfavourable, disparaging

•

Gram:

[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]low[/ref]

••

to be low in the lay, to be in low water — сидеть на мели, без копейки в кармане

- Low Sunday

- lay low
2. нареч.
1) низко; глубоко прям. и перен.

at low board — в дальнем конце стола

to dance low — танцевать, приподнимая ноги только чуть-чуть

to sink low — глубоко погрузиться, утонуть

to fall low — низко пасть

2) скудно, бедно, в бедности

We lived very low. — Жили мы в жуткой бедности.

Syn:

humbly

3) слабо

to burn low — слабо гореть

4)

а) негромко, тихо

to speak low — говорить тихо

Syn:

gently, softly

б) низко, на низкой ноте

to get low — взять низко во время пения

5) недавно; поздно

as low as the time of Pope Alexander the third — до времени самого Папы Римского Александра Третьего

••

to breed smb. low — плохо воспитать, недоучить (кого-л.)

to play low — играть по-мелкому; не делать крупных ставок
3. сущ.
1) = lows

а) низина, ложбина между дюнами

б) вода, остающаяся в таких ложбинах после отлива

•

Syn:

hollow, valley

2) метео область низкого барометрического давления

3) самый низкий уровень чего-л., минимум (ценовой, статистический и пр.)

4) низшая температурная отметка (для какой-л. конкретной области)

5) спорт. самый низкий счёт

6) карт. козырная двойка, самый младший козырь

7) первая передача, первая скорость ( автомобиля)

Англо-русский современный словарь > low
9 birth

noun

1) Geburt, die

at the/at birth — bei der Geburt

[deaf] from or since birth — von Geburt an [taub]

date and place of birth — Geburtsdatum und -ort

give birth — [Frau:] entbinden; [Tier:] jungen

she gave birth prematurely — sie hatte eine Frühgeburt

give birth to — zur Welt bringen

2) (of movement, fashion, etc.) Aufkommen, das; (of party, company) Gründung, die; (of nation, idea) Geburt, die; (of new era) Anbruch, der; Geburt, die

give birth to something — etwas entstehen lassen

3) (parentage) Geburt, die; Abkunft, die (geh.)

of humble birth — von niedriger Abstammung

of high birth — von hoher Geburt; [von] edler Abkunft (geh.)

be a German by birth — [ein] gebürtiger Deutscher/[eine] gebürtige Deutsche sein

* * *
[bə:Ɵ]
noun

1) ((an) act of coming into the world, being born: the birth of her son; deaf since birth.) die Geburt

2) (the beginning: the birth of civilization.) die Entstehung

•

- academic.ru/7151/birth_control">birth control
- birthday
- birthmark
- birthplace
- birthrate
- give birth to
- give birth
* * *

birth

[bɜ:θ, AM bɜ:rθ]

n

1. (event of being born) Geburt f

from \birth von Geburt an

country/date/place of \birth Geburtsland nt/-datum nt/-ort m

concealment of \birth LAW Personenstandsunterdrückung f, Verletzung f der Anzeigepflicht (bei Geburt eines Kindes)

\births and deaths Geburten und Todesfälle

\birth defect Geburtsfehler m, konnataler Defekt fachspr

\birth pangs Geburtswehen pl

difficult \birth schwierige Geburt a. fig

live \birth Lebendgeburt f

to be present at the \birth bei der Geburt [mit] dabei sein

to give \birth entbinden

to give \birth to a child ein Kind zur Welt bringen [o gebären] liter

to give \birth to sth ( fig) etw hervorbringen [o schaffen

2. no pl (family) Abstammung f, Herkunft f

of illegitimate/legitimate \birth unehelicher/ehelicher Abstammung

by \birth von Geburt

to be English by \birth gebürtiger Engländer/gebürtige Engländerin sein

to be of low/noble \birth niedriger/adliger Abstammung sein

* * *
[bɜːɵ]
n

1) Geburt f

the town/country of his birth — seine Geburtsstadt/sein Geburtsland nt

blind/deaf from or since birth — von Geburt an blind/taub

within a few minutes of birth — einige Minuten nach der Geburt

the rights which are ours by birth — unsere angeborenen Rechte

to give birth to — gebären; (woman also) entbunden werden von

to give birth — entbinden; (animal)

she's going to give birth! — sie bekommt ihr Kind!

2) (= parentage) Abstammung f, Herkunft f

Scottish by birth — Schotte von Geburt, gebürtiger Schotte

of good birth — aus gutem Hause or guter Familie

of low or humble birth — von niedriger Geburt

3) (fig) Geburt f; (of movement, fashion etc) Aufkommen nt; (of nation, party, company also) Gründung f, Entstehen nt; (of new era) Anbruch m, Geburt f (geh); (of star) Entstehung f

to give birth to sth — etw schaffen/aufkommen lassen/gründen/anbrechen lassen

* * *

birth [bɜːθ; US bɜrθ] s

1. Geburt f (auch fig):

last year there were more births than deaths letztes Jahr gab es einen Geburtenüberschuss;

at birth bei der Geburt;

he was present at the birth er war bei der Geburt dabei;

a musician by birth ein geborener Musiker;

from ( oder since) birth von Geburt an;

the city of my birth meine Geburtsstadt;

give birth to gebären, zur Welt bringen ( → 4)

2. ZOOL Wurf m

3. ( auch vornehme oder adlige) Abstammung oder Ab-, Herkunft:

he’s a man of (good) birth er stammt aus gutem Hause;

she’s English by birth sie ist gebürtige Engländerin; → high A 8, noble A 1

4. Ursprung m, Entstehung f:

give birth to hervorbringen, -rufen, gebären ( → 1)

* * *

noun

1) Geburt, die

at the/at birth — bei der Geburt

[deaf] from or since birth — von Geburt an [taub]

date and place of birth — Geburtsdatum und -ort

give birth — [Frau:] entbinden; [Tier:] jungen

she gave birth prematurely — sie hatte eine Frühgeburt

give birth to — zur Welt bringen

2) (of movement, fashion, etc.) Aufkommen, das; (of party, company) Gründung, die; (of nation, idea) Geburt, die; (of new era) Anbruch, der; Geburt, die

give birth to something — etwas entstehen lassen

3) (parentage) Geburt, die; Abkunft, die (geh.)

of humble birth — von niedriger Abstammung

of high birth — von hoher Geburt; [von] edler Abkunft (geh.)

be a German by birth — [ein] gebürtiger Deutscher/[eine] gebürtige Deutsche sein

* * *

n.

Geburt -en f.

Niederkunft f.

Ursprung -¨e m.

English-german dictionary > birth
10 человек низкого происхождения

1) General subject: roturier

2) Jargon: grunt

3) Makarov: a man of low birth, a man of low origin, man of low birth, man of low origin

4) Archaic: knave

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > человек низкого происхождения
11 천부

n. natural gift, man of low birth

Korean-English dictionary > 천부
12 nebulo

nĕbŭlo, ōnis, m. [nebula], a paltry, worthiess fellow, an idle rascal, a sorry wretch: nugator ac nebulo, Lucil. ap. Non. 19, 3; Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 15:
nos ab isto nebulone facetius eludimur, quam putamus,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 44, 128:
nebulones Alcinoique juventus,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 28:
vappa ac nebulo,
id. S. 1, 1, 104; cf. id. ib. 1, 2, 12: nebulo lucifugus (perh. on account of the etymology of the word), a scoundrel that shuns the light, Lucil. ap. Non. 19, 2.—In apposition with homo:
vulgus nebulonum hominum,
Gell. 1, 2, 7; 16, 6, 12.—
II.
Acc. to Acron ad Hor. S. 1, 2, 12, nebulo also signifies a man of low birth; on which account slaves were also called nebulones.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > nebulo
13 दुर् _dur

दुर् ind. (A prefix substituted for दुस् before words beginning with vowels or soft consonants in the sense of 'bad'. 'hard' or 'difficult to do a certain thing'; for compounds with दुस् as first member see दुस् s. v.).

-Comp. -अक्ष a.

1 weak-eyed.

-2 evileyed.

(-क्षः) 1 a loaded or false die.

-2 dishonest gambling.

-अक्षरम् an evil word; श्रुतिं ममाविश्य भवद्दुरक्षरं सृजत्यदः कीटकवदुत्कटा रुजः N.9.63.

-अतिक्रम a. difficult to be overcome or conquered, unconquerable; सर्वं तु तपसा साध्यं तपो हि दुरति- क्रमम् Ms.11.2.38; स्वभावो दुरतिक्रमः 'nature cannot be changed'; स्वजातिर्दुरतिक्रमा Pt.1.

-2 insurmountable, impassable; B. R.6.18-19.

-3 inevitable. (

-मः) an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-अत्यय a.

1 difficult to be overcome; स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः R.11.88.

-2 hard to be attained or fathomed; स एष आत्मा स्वपरेत्यबुद्धिभिर्दुरत्यया- नुक्रमणो निरूप्यते Bhāg.7.5.13.

-अदृष्टम् ill-luck, misfortune.

-अधिग, -अधिगम a.

1 hard to reach or attain, unattainable; Bhāg.3.23.8; दुरधिगमः परभागो यावत्पुरुषेण पौरुषं न कृतम् Pt.1.33.

-2 insurmountable.

-3 hard to be studied or understood; इह दुरधिगमैः किञ्चि- देवागमैः Ki.5.18.

-अधिष्ठित a. badly performed, managed, or executed. (

-तम्) improper stay at a place.

-अधीत a. badly learnt or read.

-अध्यय a.

1 difficult of attainment; सहस्रवर्त्मा चपलैर्दुरध्ययः Śi.12.11.

-2 hard to be studied.

-अध्यवसायः a foolish undertaking.

-अध्वः a bad road; स्वयं दुरध्वार्णवनाविकाः कथं स्पृशन्तु विज्ञाय हृदापि तादृशीम् N.9.33.

-अन्त a.

1 whose end is difficult to be reached, endless, infinite; संकर्षणाय सूक्ष्माय दुरन्तायान्तकाय च Bhāg.

-2 ending ill or in misery, unhappy; अहो दुरन्ता बलवद्विरोधिता Ki.1.23; नृत्यति युवति- जनेन समं सखि विरहिजनस्य दुरन्ते (वसन्ते) Gīt.1; इयमुदरदरी- दुरन्तधारा यदि न भवेदभिमानभङ्गभूमिः Udb.

-3 hard to be understood or known.

-4 insurmountable.

-अन्तक a. = दुरन्त q. v. (

-कः) an epithet of Śiva.

-अन्वय a.

1 difficult to be passed along; Mb.14.51.17.

-2 hard to be carried out or followed.

-3 difficult to be attained. or understood; बुद्धिश्च ते महाप्राज्ञ देवैरपि दुरन्वया Rām.3. 66.18.

-4 not suitable, improper; वचो दुरन्वयं विप्रास्तूष्णी- मासन्भ्रमद्धियः Bhāg.1.84.14.

(-यः) 1 a wrong conclusion, one wrongly inferred from given premisses.

-2 (in gram.) a false agreement.

-अपवादः ill report. slander.

-अभिग्रह a. difficult to be caught.

-अभि- मानिन् a. vain-glorious, disagreeably proud.

- अवगम a. incomprehensible; Bhāg.5.13.26.

-अवग्रह a.

1 difficult to be restrained or subjugated; भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् Bhāg.1.29.31.

-2 disagreeable.

-अवग्राह a. difficult to be attained; Bhāg.7.1.19.

-अवच्छद a. difficult to be hidden; हेतुभिर्लक्षयांचक्रुराप्रीतां दुरवच्छदैः Bhāg.1.62.28.

-अवबोध a. unintelligible. Bhāg.1.49.29.

-अवसित a. unfathomed, difficult to be ascertained, द्युपतिभिरजशक्रशंकराद्यैर्दुरवसितस्तवमच्युतं नतो$स्मि Bhāg.12.12.67.

-अवस्थ a. ill off, badly or poorly circumstanced.

-अवस्था, -स्थानम् a wretched or miser- able state; Bhāg.5.3.12.

-अवाप a. difficult to be gained or fulfilled; Ś.1.

-अवेक्षितम् an improper look.

-अह्नः a bad day.

-आकृति a. ugly, mis-shaped.

-आक्रन्द a. crying bitterly or miserably; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्ष- क्षयकारक Pt.4.29.

-आक्रम a.

1 invincible, unconquer- able.

-2 difficult to be passed.

-आक्रमणम् 1 unfair attack.

-2 difficult approach.

-आगमः improper or illegal acquisition.

-आग्रहः foolish obstinacy, head- strongness, pertinacity; ममाहमित्यूढदुराग्रहाणां पुंसाम् Bhāg.3. 5.43.

- आचर a.

1 hard to be performed.

-2 incurable (as a disease).

-आचार a.

1 ill-conducted, badly be- haved.

-2 following bad practices, wicked, depraved; अपि चेत्सुदुराचारो भजते मामनन्यभाक् Bg.9.3. (

-रः) bad practice, ill-conduct, wikedness.

-आढ्य a. not rich, poor.

-आत्मता vileness, baseness, wickedness.

-आत्मन् a. evil-natured, low, wicked, vile, base, mean; ये च प्राहुर्दुरात्मानो दुराराध्या महीभुजः Pt.1.39. (-m.) a rascal, villain, scoundrel.

- आधर a. difficult to be withstood or overpowered, irresistible.

-आधर्ष a. hard to be approached or assailed, unassailable जगन्नाथो दुराधर्षो गङ्गां भागीरथीं प्रति Mb.

-2 not to be attacked with impu- nity.

-3 haughty. (

-र्षः) white mustard.

-आधारः an epithet of Śiva.

-आधिः (m.)

1 distress or anxiety of mind; निरस्तनारीसमया दुराधयः Ki.1.28.

-2 indignation.

-आधी a. Ved. malignant, thinking ill of.

- आनम a. difficult to bend or draw; स विचिन्त्य धनुर्दुरानमम् R.11.38.

-आप a.

1 difficult to be obtained; श्रिया दुरापः कथमीप्सितो भवेत् Ś.3.13; R.1.72;6.62.

-2 difficult to be ap- proached; Pt.1.67.

-3 hard to be overcome.

-आपादन a. difficult to be brought about; किं दुरापादनं तेषाम् Bhāg.3.23.42.

-आपूर a. difficult to be filled or satisfied; Bhāg.7.6.8.

-आबाध a. hard to be molested. (

-धः) N. of Śiva.

-आमोदः bad scent, stench; शवधूमदुरामोदः शालिभक्ते$त्र विद्यते Ks.82.22.

-आराध्य a. difficult to be propitiated, hard to be won over or conciliated; दुराराध्याः श्रियो राज्ञां दुरापा दुष्परिग्रहाः Pt.1.38.

-आरुह a. difficult to be mounted.

(-हः) 1 the Bilva tree.

-2 the cocoanut tree.

-3 the date tree.

-आरोप a. difficult to be strung (bow); दुरारोपमैन्दुशेखरं धनुर्दुर्निवारा रावणभुजदण्डाः B. R.1.46-47.

-आरोह a. difficult of ascent.

(-हः) 1 The cocoanut tree.

-2 the palm tree.

-3 the date tree.

-आलापः 1 a curse, imprecation.

-2 foul of abusive language.

-आलोक a.

1 difficult to be seen or perceived.

-2 painfully bright, dazzling; दुरालोकः स समरे निदाघाम्बररत्नवत् K. P.1. (

-कः) dazzling splendour.

-आव(वा)र a.

1 difficult to be covered or filled up; दुरावरं त्वदन्येन राज्यखण्डमिदं महत् Rām.2.15.5.

-2 difficult to be restrained, shut in, kept back or stopped.

-आवर्त a. difficult to be convinced or set up; भवन्ति सुदुरावर्ता हेतुमन्तो$पि पण्डिताः Mb.12.19.23.

- आशय a.

1 evil-minded, wicked, malicious, स्फुटनिर्भिन्नो दुराशयो$धमः Śi. उपेयिवान् मूलमशेषमूलं दुराशयः कामदुघाङ्घ्रिपस्य Bhāg.3.21.15.

-2 having a bad place or rest. (-m.) the subtle body which is not destroyed by death (लिङ्गदेह); एतन्मे जन्म लोके$स्मिन्मुमुक्षूणां दुराशयात् Bhāg.3.24. 36.

-आशा 1 a bad or wicked desire.

-2 hoping against hope.

-आस a. difficult to be abided or associated with; संघर्षिणा सह गुणाभ्यधिकैर्दुरासम् Śi.5.19.

- आसद a.

1 difficult to be approached or overtaken; स सभूव दुरासदः परैः R.3.66; 8.4; Mv.2.5; 4.15.

-2 difficult to be found or met with.

-3 unequalled, unparalleled.

-4 hard to be borne, insupportable.

-5 difficult to be conquered, unassailable, unconquerable; जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूपं दुरासदम् Bg.3.43. (

-दः) an epithet of Śiva.

-इत a.

1 difficult.

-2 sinful.

(-तम्) 1 a bad course, evil, sin; दरिद्राणां दैन्यं दुरितमथ दुर्वासनहृदां द्रुतं दूरीकुर्वन् G. L.2; R.8.2; Amaru.2; Mv.3.43.

-2 a difficulty, danger.

-3 a calamity, evil; अपत्ये यत्तादृग्- दुरितमभवत् U.4.3.

-इतिः f. Ved.

1 a bad course.

-2 difficulty.

-इष्टम् 1 a curse, imprecation.

-2 a spell or sacrificial rite performed to injure another person.

-ईशः a bad lord or master.

-ईषणा, -एषणा 1 a curse, an imprecation.

-2 an evil eye.

-उक्त a. harshly utter- ed; Pt.1.89.

-उक्तम्, -उक्तिः f. offensive speech, reproach, abuse, censure; लक्ष्मि क्षमस्व वचनीयमिदं दुरुक्तम् Udb.

-उच्छेद a. difficult to be destroyed.

-उत्तर a.

1 unanswerable.

-2 difficult to be crossed; दुरुत्तरे पङ्क इवान्धकारे Bk.11.2; प्राप्तः पङ्को दुरुत्तरः Ki.15.17.

- उदय a. appearing with difficulty, not easily manifested; यो$ नात्मनां दुरुदयो भगवान्प्रतीतः Bhāg.3.16.5.

-उदर्क a. having bad or no consequences; N.5.41.

-उदाहर a. diffi- cult to be pronounced or composed; अनुज्झितार्थसंबन्धः प्रबन्धो दुरुदाहरः Śi.2.73.

-उद्वह a. burdensome, unbear- able.

- उपसद a. difficult of approach; Ki.7.9.

-उपसर्पिन् a. approaching incautiously; एकमेव दहत्यग्निर्नरं दुरुपसर्पिणम् Ms.7.9.

-ऊह a. abstruse; जानीते जयदेव एव शरणः श्लाघ्ये दुरूहद्रुते Gīt.

-एव a. Ved.

1 having evil ways.

-2 irresis- tible, unassailable. (

-वः) a wicked person.

-ओषस् a. Ved. slow, lazy.

- ग 1 difficult of access, inaccessible, impervious, impassable; दुर्गस्त्वेष महापन्थाः Mb.12.3. 5; दुर्गं पथस्तत्कवयो वदन्ति Kaṭh.1.3.14.

-2 unattain- able.

-3 incomprehensible.

-4 following wicked path, vicious; Rām.2.39.22.

(-गः, -गम्) 1 a difficult or narrow passage through a wood or over a stream, mountain &c., a defile, narrow pass.

-2 a citadel. fortress, castle; न दुर्गं दुर्गमित्येव दुर्गमं मन्यते जनः । तस्य दुर्गमता सैव यत्प्रभुस्तस्य दुर्गमः ॥ Śiva. B.16.61.

-3 rough ground.

-4 difficulty, adversity, calamity, distress, danger; निस्तारयतिं दुर्गाच्च Ms.3.98;11.43; मच्चित्तः सर्व- दुर्गाणि मत्प्रसादात्तरिष्यसि; Bg.18.58.

(-गः) 1 bdellium.

-2 the Supreme Being.

-3 N. of an Asura slain by Durgā (thus receiving her name from him). ˚अध्यक्षः, ˚पतिः, ˚पालः the commandant or governor of a castle. ˚अन्तः The suburb of a fort; दुर्गान्ते सिद्धतापसाः Kau. A. 1.12. ˚कर्मन् n. fortification. ˚कारक a. making difficult. (

-कः) the birch tree. ˚घ्नी N. of Durgā. ˚तरणी an epithet of Sāvitrī. सावित्री दुर्गतरणी वीणा सप्तविधा तथा Mb. ˚मार्गः a defile, gorge. ˚लङ्घनम् surmounting difficu- lties. (

-नः) a camel. ˚संचरः

1 a difficult passage as to a fort &c., a bridge &c. over a defile. ˚संस्कारः Repairs to the old forts; अतो दुर्गसंस्कार आरब्धव्ये किं कौमुदीमहोत्सवेन Mu. ˚सिंहः N. of the author of कलापपरिशिष्ट. ˚व्यसनम् a defect or weak point in a fortress. (

-र्गा) an epithet of Pārvatī, wife of Śiva.

-2 the female cuckoo

-3 N. of several plants. ˚नवमी the 9th day of the bright half of कार्तिक. ˚पूजा the chief festival in honour of दुर्गा in Bengal in the month of Āśvina.

-गत a.

1 unfortunate, in bad circumstances; समाश्वसिमि केनाहं कथं प्राणिमि दुर्गतः Bk.18.1.

-2 indigent, poor.

-3 distressed, in trouble.

-गतता ill-luck, poverty, misery; तावज्जन्मातिदुःखाय ततो दुर्गतता सदा Pt.1.265.

-गतिः f.

1 misfortune, poverty, want, trouble, indigence; न हि कल्याणकृत्कश्चिद् दुर्गतिं तात गच्छति Bg.6.4.

-2 a difficult situation or path.

-3 hell.

-गन्ध a. ill-smelling.

(-न्धः) 1 bad odour, stink

-2 any ill-smelling substance.

-3 an onion.

-4 the mango tree. (

-न्धम्) sochal salt.

-गन्धि, -गन्धिन् a. ill-smelling.

-गम a.

1 impassable, inaccessible, impervious; कामिनीकायकान्तारे कुचपर्वतदुर्गमे Bh.1.86; Śi. 12.49.

-2 unattainable, difficult of attainment.

-3 hard to be understood. (

-मम्) a difficult place like hill etc; भ्राम्यन्ते दुर्गमेष्वपि Pt.5.81.

-गाढ, -गाध, -गाह्य a. difficult to be fathomed or investigated, unfathomable.

-गुणितम् not properly studied; चिराम्यस्तपथं याति शास्त्रं दुर्गुणितं यथा Avimārakam.2.4.

-गोष्ठी evil association; conspiracy. वृद्धो रक्कः कम्पनेशो दुर्गोष्ठीमध्यगो$भवत् Rāj. T.6. 17.

-ग्रह a.

1 difficult to be gained or accomplished.

-2 difficult to be conquered or subjugated; दुर्गाणि दुर्ग्रहाण्यासन् तस्य रोद्धुरपि द्विषाम् R.17.52.

-3 hard to be understood.

(-हः) 1 a cramp, spasm.

-2 obstinacy.

-3 whim, monomania; कथं न वा दुर्ग्रहदोष एष ते हितेन सम्य- ग्गुरुणापि शम्यते N.9.41.

-घट a.

1 difficult. कार्याणि घटयन्नासीद् दुर्घटान्यपि हेलया Rāj. T.4.364.

-2 impossible.

-घण a.

1 closely packed together, very compact.

-घुरुटः An unbeliever; L. D. B.

-घोषः 1 a harsh cry.

-2 a bear.

-जन a.

1 wicked, bad, vile.

-2 slanderous, malicious, mischievous; यथा स्त्रीणां तथा वाचां साधुत्वे दुर्जनो जनः U.1.6. (

-नः) a bad or wicked person, a malicious or mischievous man, villain; दुर्जनः प्रियवादी च नैतद्विश्वास- कारणम् Chāṇ.24,25; शाम्येत्प्रत्यपकारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4. (दुर्जनायते Den. Ā. to become wicked; स्वजनो$पि दरिद्राणां तत्क्षणाद् दुर्जनायते Pt.1.5.). (दुर्जनीकृ [च्वि] to make blameworthy; दुर्जनीकृतास्मि अनेन मां चित्रगतां दर्शयता Nāg.2).

-जय a. invincible. (

-यः) N. of Viṣṇu.

-जर a.

1 ever youthful; तस्मिन्स्तनं दुर्जरवीर्यमुल्बणं घोराङ्कमादाय शिशोर्दधावथ Bhāg.1.6.1.

-2 hard (as food), indigestible.

-3 difficult to be enjoyed; राजश्रीर्दुर्जरा तस्य नवत्वे भूभुजो$भवत् Rāj. T.5.19.

-जात a.

1 unhappy, wretched.

-2 bad-tempered, bad, wicked; Rāj. T.3. 142.

-3 false, not genuine. ˚जीयिन् a. one who is born in vain; यो न यातयते वैरमल्पसत्त्वोद्यमः पुमान् । अफलं जन्म तस्याहं मन्ये दुर्जातजायिनः ॥ Mb.

(-तम्) 1 a misfortune, calamity, difficulty; त्वं तावद् दुर्जाते मे$त्यन्तसाहाय्यकारिणी भव M.3; दुर्जातबन्धुः R.13.72. 'a friend in need or adversity.'

-2 impropriety.

-जाति a.

1 bad natured, vile, wicked; रुदितशरणा दुर्जातीनां सहस्व रुषां फलम् Amaru.96.

-2 out- cast. (

-तिः f.) misfortune, ill condition.

-ज्ञान, -ज्ञेय a. difficult to be known, incomprehensible. उच्चावचेषु भुतेषु दुर्ज्ञेयामकृतात्मभिः Ms.6.73. (

-यः) N. of Śiva.

-णयः, -नयः, -नीतिः 1 bad conduct.

-2 impropriety

-3 in- justice.

-णामन्, -नामन् a. having a bad name.

-णीत a.

1 ill-behaved.

-2 impolitic.

-3 forward. (

-तम्) miscon- duct; दुर्णीतं किमिहास्ति किं सुचरितं कः स्थानलाभे गुणः H.

-दम, -दमन, -दम्य a. difficult to be subdued, untamable, indomitable.

-दर्श a.

1 difficult to be seen.

-2 dazzling; सुदुर्दर्शमिदं रूपं दृष्टवानसि यन्मन Bg.11.52.

-दर्शन a. ugly, ill-looking; दुर्दर्शनेन घटतामियमप्यनेन Māl.2.8.

-दशा a misfortune, calamity.

-दान्त a.

1 hard to be tamed or subdued, untamable; Śi.12.22.

-2 intractable, proud, insolent; दुर्दान्तानां दमनविधयः क्षत्रियेष्वायतन्ते Mv.3.34.

(-तः) 1 a calf.

-2 a strife, quarrel.

-3 N. of Śiva.

-दिन a. cloudy, rainy.

(-नम्) 1 a bad day in general; तद्दिनं दुर्दिनं मन्ये यत्र मित्रागमो हि न Subhāṣ.

-2 a rainy or cloudy day, stormy or rainy weather; उन्नमत्यकालदुर्दिनम् Mk.5; Ku.6 43; Mv.4.57.

-3 a shower (of any- thing); द्विषां विषह्य काकुत्स्थस्तत्र नाराचदुर्दिनम् ॥ सन्मङ्गलस्नात इव R.4.41,82;5.47; U.5.5.

-4 thick darkness; जीमूतैश्च दिशः सर्वाश्चक्रे तिमिरदुर्दिनाः Mb. (दुर्दिनायते Den. Ā. to become cloudy.)

-दिवसः a dark or rainy day; Pt.1.173.

-दुरूटः, -ढः 1 an unbeliever

-2 an abusive word.

-दृश a.

1 disagreeable to the sight, disgusting; दुर्दृशं तत्र राक्षसं घोररूपमपश्यत्सः Mb.1.2.298.

-2 difficult to be seen; पादचारमिवादित्यं निष्पतन्तं सुदुर्दृशम् Rām.7.33.5.

-दृष्ट a. ill- judged or seen, wrongly decided; Y.2.35.

-दैवम् ill-luck, misfortune.

-द्यूतम् an unfair game.

-द्रुमः onion (green).

-धर a.

1 irresistible, difficult to be stopped.

-2 difficult to be borne or suffered; दुर्धरेण मदनेन साद्यते Ghat.11; Ms.7.28.

-3 difficult to be accomplished.

-4 difficult to be kept in memory. (

-रः) quicksilver.

-धर्ष a.

1 inviolable, unassailable.

-2 inaccessible; संयोजयति विद्यैव नीचगापि नरं सरित् । समुद्रमिव दुर्धर्षं नृपं भाग्य- मतः परम् ॥ H. Pr.5.

-3 fearful, dreadful.

-4 haughty.

-धी a. stupid, silly.

-नयः 1 arrogance.

-2 immorality.

-3 evil strategy; उन्मूलयितुमीशो$हं त्रिवर्गमिव दुर्नयः Mu.5.22.

-नामकः piles. ˚अरिः a kind of bulbous root (Mar. सुरण).

-नामन् m. f. a cockle. (-n.) piles.

-निग्रह a. irre- pressible, unruly; मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् Bg.6.35.

-निमित a. carelessly put or placed on the ground; पदे पदे दुर्निमिते गलन्ती R.7.1.

-निमित्तम् 1 a bad omen; R.14.5.

-2 a bad pretext.

-निवार, -निवार्य a. difficult to be check- ed or warded off, irresistible, invincible.

-नीतम् 1 mis- conduct, bad policy, demerit, misbehaviour; दुर्णीतं किमि- हास्ति Pt.2.21; H.1.49.

-2 ill-luck.

-नीतिः f. mal- administration; दुर्नीतिं तव वीक्ष्य कोपदहनज्वालाजटालो$पि सन्; Bv.4.36.

-नृपः a bad king; आसीत् पितृकुलं तस्य भक्ष्यं दुर्नृप- रक्षसः Rāj. T.5.417.

-न्यस्त a. badly arranged; दुर्न्यस्त- पुष्परचितो$पि Māl.9.44.

-बल a.

1 weak, feeble.

-2 enfeebled, spiritless; दुर्बलान्यङ्गकानि U.1.24.

-3 thin, lean, emaciated; U.3.

-4 small, scanty, little; स्वार्थोप- पत्तिं प्रति दुर्बलाशः R.5.12.

-बाध a. Unrestrained (अनिवार); दुर्बाधो जनिदिवसान्मम प्रवृद्धः (आधिः); Mv.6.28.

-बाल a.

1 bald-headed.

-2 void of prepuce.

-3 having crook- ed hair.

-बुद्धि a.

1 silly, foolish, stupid.

-2 perverse, evil-minded, wicked; धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः (समा- गताः) Bg.1.23

-बुध a. wicked-minded, silly; Mb. 11.4.18.

-बोध a. unintelligible, unfathomable, inscru- table; निसर्गदुर्बोधमबोधविक्लवाः क्व भूपतीनां चरितं क्व जन्तवः Ki. 1.6.

-भग a.

1 unfortunate, unlucky; श्रीवल्लभं दुर्भगाः (निन्दन्ति) Pt.1.415.

-2 not possessed of good features, ill-looking.

-भगा 1 a wife disliked by her husband; दुर्भगाभरणप्रायो ज्ञानं भारः क्रियां विना H.1.17.

-2 an ill-tempered woman, a shrew.

-3 a widow;

-भर a. insupportable, burdensome, heavily laden with (comp.); ततो राजाब्रवीदेतं बहुव्यसनदुर्भरः Ks.112.156.

-भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky. (

ग्यम्) ill-luck.

-भावना 1 an evil thought.

-2 a bad tendency.

-भिक्षम् 1 scarcity of provisions, dearth, famine; Y.2.147; Ms.8.22; उत्सवे व्यसने चैव दुर्भिक्षे... यस्तिष्ठति स बान्धवः H.1.71; Pt.2.

-2 want in general.

-भिद, -भेद, -भेद्य a. firm; सुजनस्तु कनकघटवद् दुर्भेद्यश्चाशु संध्येयः Subhāṣ.

-भृत्यः a bad servant.

-भिषज्यम् incurability; Bṛi. Up.4.3.14.

-भ्रातृ m. a bad brother.

-मङ्कु a. obstinate, disobedient.

-मति a.

1 silly, stupid, foolish, ignorant.

-2 wicked, evilminded; न सांपरायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम् Ms.11.3.

-मद a. drun- ken, ferocious, maddened, infatuated; Bhāg.1.15.7.

-दः foolish pride, arrogance.

-दम् the generative organ; ग्रामकं नाम विषयं दुर्मदेन समन्वितः Bhāg.4.25.52.

-मनस् a. troubled in mind, discouraged, disspirited, sad, malancholy; अद्य बार्हस्पतः श्रीमान् युक्तः पुष्येण राघवः । प्रोच्यतै ब्राह्मणैः प्राज्ञैः केन त्वमसि दुर्मनाः ॥ Rām. [दुर्मनायते Den. Ā. to be troubled in mind, be sad, meditate sorrowfully, to be disconso- late, become vexed or fretted; Māl.3].

-मनुष्यः a bad or wicked man.

-मन्त्रः, -मन्त्रितम्, -मन्त्रणा evil advice, bad counsel; दुर्मन्त्रान्नृपतिर्विनश्यति; Pt.1.169.

-मरम् a hard or difficult death; Mb.14.61.9.

-मरी a kind of दूर्वा grass.

-मरणम् violent or unnatural death.

-मर्ष a.

1 unbearable; Bhāg.6.5.42.

-2 obstinate, hostile.

-मर्षणः N. of Viṣṇu.

-मर्षित a. provocated, encouraged; एवं दुर्मर्षितो राजा स मात्रा बभ्रुवाहनः Mb.14. 79.13,

-मर्याद a. immodest, wicked.

-मल्लिका, -मल्ली a minor drama, comedy, farce; S. D.553.

-मित्रः 1 a bad friend.

-2 an enemy.

-मुख a.

1 having a bad face, hideous, ugly; Bh.1.9.

-2 foul-mouthed, abusive, scurrilous; Bh.2.69.

(-खः) 1 a horse.

-2 N. of Śiva.

-3 N. of a serpent king (Nm.)

-4 N. of a monkey (Nm.)

-5 N. of a year (29th year out of 6 years cycle).

-मूल्य a. highly priced, dear.

-मेधस् a. silly, foolish, dull-headed, dull; Pt.1. (-m.) a dunce, dull-headed man, blockhead; ग्रन्थानधीत्य व्याकर्तु- मिति दुर्मेधसो$प्यलम् Śi.2.26.

-मैत्र a. unfriendly, hostile; Bhāg.7.5.27.

-यशस् n. ill-repute, dishonour.

-योगः 1 bad or clumsy contrivance.

-2 a bad combi- nation.

-योध, -योधन a. invincible, unconquerable. (

-नः) the eldest of the 11 sons of Dhṛitarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī. [From his early years he conceived a deep hatred for his cousins the Pāṇḍavas, but particularly Bhīma, and made every effort he could to compass their destruction. When his father pro- posed to make Yudhiṣṭhira heir-apparent, Duryodhana did not like the idea, as his father was the reigning sovereign, and prevailed upon his blind father to send the Pāṇḍavas away into exile. Vāraṇāvata was fixed upon as their abode, and under pretext of constructing a palatial building for their residence, Duryodhana caused a palace to be built mostly of lac, resin and other combustible materials, thereby hoping to see them all destroyed when they should enter it. But the Paṇḍavas were forewarned and they safely escaped. They then lived at Indraprastha, and Yudhiṣṭhira performed the Rājasuya sacrifice with great pomp and splendour. This event further excited the anger and jealousy of Duryodhana, who was already vexed to find that his plot for burning them up had signally failed, and he induced his father to invite the Pāṇḍavas to Hastināpura to play with dice (of which Yudhiṣṭhira was particularly fond). In that gambling-match, Duryodhana, who was ably assisted by his maternal uncle Śakuni, won from Yudhiṣṭhira everything that he staked, till the infatuated gambler staked himself, his brothers, and Draupadī herself, all of whom shared the same fate. Yudhiṣṭhira, as a condition of the wager, was forced to go to the forest with his wife and brothers, and to remain there for twelve years and to pass one addi- tional year incognito. But even this period, long as it was, expired, and after their return from exile both the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas made great preparations for the inevitable struggle and the great Bhāratī war commenced. It lasted for eighteen days during which all the Kauravas, with most of their allies, were slain. It was on the last day of the war that Bhīma fought a duel with Duryodhana and smashed his thigh with his club.] मोघं तवेदं भुवि नामधेयं दुर्योधनेतीह कृतं पुरस्तात् न हीह दुर्योधनता तवास्ति पलायमानस्य रणं विहाय Mb.4.65.17.

-योनि a. of a low birth, न कथंचन दुर्योनिः प्रकृतिं स्वां नियच्छति Ms.1.59.

-लक्ष्य a. difficult to be seen or perceived, hardly visible.

-क्ष्यम् bad aim; मनः प्रकृत्यैव चलं दुर्लक्ष्यं च तथापि मे Ratn.3.2.

-लभ a.

1 difficult to be attained, or accomplished; R.1.67;17.7; Ku.4.4;5.46,61; दुर्लभं भारते जन्म मानुष्यं तत्र दुर्लभम् Subhāṣ.

-2 difficult to be found or met with, scarce, rare; शुद्धान्तदुर्लभम् Ś.1.17.

-3 best, excellent, eminent.

-ग्रामः a village situated close to a large village and inhabited by the free-holders (अग्र- हारोपजीविनः); Māna.1.79-8.

-4 dear, beloved.

-5 costly.

-ललित a.

1 spoilt by fondling, fondled too much, hard to please; हा मदङ्कदुर्ललित Ve.4; V.2.8; Māl.9.

-2 (hence) wayward, naughty, illbred, unruly; स्पृहयामि खलु दुर्ललितायास्मै Ś.7. (

-तम्) waywardness, rudeness.

-लेख्यम् a forged document. Y.2.91.

-वच a.

1 difficult to be described, indescribable. अपि वागधिपस्य दुर्वचं वचनं तद् विदधीत विस्मयम् Ki.2.2.

-2 not to be talked about.

-3 speaking improperly, abusing. (

-चम्) abuse, censure, foul language.

-वचस् n. abuse, censure; असह्यं दुर्वचो ज्ञातेर्मेघा- न्तरितरौद्रवत् Udb.

-वर्ण a. bad-coloured.

-र्णः 1 bad colour.

-2 impurity; यथा हेम्नि स्थितो वह्निर्दुवर्णं हन्ति धातु- जम् Bhāg.12.3.47.

(-र्णम्) 1 silver. दुर्वर्णभित्तिरिह सान्द्रसुधासुवर्णा Śi.4.28.

-2 a kind of leprosy.

-वस a. difficult to be resided in.

-वसतिः f. painful residence; R.8.94.

-वह a. heavy, difficult to be borne; दुर्वहगर्भखिन्नसीता U.2.1; Ku.1.11.

-वाच् a. speaking ill. (-f.)

1 evil words, abuse.

-2 inelegant language or speech.

-वाच्य a.

1 difficult to be spoken or uttered.

-2 abusive, scurrilous.

-3 harsh, cruel (as words).

(-च्यम्) 1 censure, abuse.

-2 scandal, ill-repute.

-वातः a fart. ˚वातय Den. P. to break wind or fart; इत्येके विहसन्त्येनमेके दुर्वातयन्ति च Bhāg.11.23.4.

-वादः slander, defamation, calumny.

-वार, -वारण a. irresistible, unbearable; R.14.87; किं चायमरिदुर्वारः पाणौ पाशः प्रचेतसः Ku.2.21.

-वासना 1 evil propensity, wicked desire; कः शत्रुर्वद खेददानकुशलो दुर्वासनासंचयः Bv. 1.86.

-2 a chimera.

-वासस् a.

1 ill-dressed.

-2 naked. (-m.) N. of a very irascible saint or Ṛiṣi, son of Atri and Anasūyā. (He was very hard to please, and he cursed many a male and female to suffer misery and degradation. His anger, like that of Jama- dagni, has become almost proverbial.)

-वाहितम् a heavy burden; उरोजपूर्णकुम्भाङ्का सदुर्वाहितविभ्रमा Rāj. T.4.18.

-विगाह, -विगाह्य a. difficult to be penetrated or fathomed, unfathomable.

-विचिन्त्य inconcei- vable, inscrutable

-विद a. difficult to be known or discovered; नूनं गतिः कृतान्तस्य प्राज्ञैरपि सुदुर्विदा Mb.7.78. 2.

-विदग्ध 1 unskilled, raw, foolish, stupid, silly.

-2 wholly ignorant.

-3 foolishly puffed up, elated. vainly proud; वृथाशस्त्रग्रहणदुर्विदग्ध Ve.3; ज्ञानलवदुर्विदग्धं ब्रह्मापि नरं न रञ्जयति Bh.2.3.

-विद्ध a. Badly perforated (a pearl); Kau. A.2.11.

-विद्य a. uneducated; Rāj. T.1.354.

-विध a.

1 mean, base, low.

-2 wicked, vile.

-3 poor, indigent; विदधाते रुचिगर्वदुर्विधम् N.2.23.

-4 stupid, foolish, silly; विविनक्ति न बुद्धिदुर्विधः Śi.16.39.

-विनयः misconduct, imprudence.

-विनीत a.

1 (a) badly educated, ill-mannered; ill-behaved, wicked; शासितरि दुर्विनीतानाम् Ś.1.24. (b) rude, naughty, mis- chievous.

-2 stubborn, obstinate.

(-तः) 1 a restive or untrained horse.

-2 a wayward person, reprobate.

-विपाक a. producing bad fruit; श्रितासि चन्दनभ्रान्त्या दुर्विपाकं विषद्रुमम् U.1.46.

(-कः) 1 bad result or conse- quence; U.1.4; किं नो विधिरिह वचने$प्यक्षमो दुर्विपाकः Mv. 6.7.

-2 evil consequences of acts done either in this or in a former birth.

-विभाव्य a. inconceivable; also दुर्विभाव; असद्वृत्तेरहो वृत्तं दुर्विभावं विधेरिव Ki.11.56.

-विमर्श a. difficult to be tried or examined; यो दुर्विमर्शपथया निजमाययेदं सृष्ट्वा गुणान्विभजते तदनुप्रविष्टः Bhāg.1.49.29.

-विलसितम् a wayward act, rudeness, naughtiness; डिम्भस्य दुर्विलसितानि मुदे गुरूणाम् B. R.4.6.

-विलासः a bad or evil turn of fate; U.1.

-विवाहः a censurable marriage; इतरेषु तु शिष्टेषु नृशंसानृतवादिनः । जायन्ते दुर्विवाहेषु ब्रह्मधर्मद्विषः सुताः ॥ Ms.3.41.

-विष a. ill-natured, malignant. (

-षः) N. of Śiva.

-विषह a. unbearable, intolerable, irresistible. (

-हः) N. of Śiva.

-वृत्त a.

1 vile, wicked, ill-behaved.

-2 roguish. (

-त्तम्) misconduct, ill-behaviour. दुर्वृत्तवृत्तशमनं तव देवि शीलम् Devīmāhātmya.

-वृत्तिः f.

1 misconduct.

-2 misery, want, distress.

-3 fraud.

-वृष्टिः f. insufficient rain, drought.

-वेद a. difficult to be known or ascertained.

-व्यवहारः a wrong judgment in law.

-व्यवहृतिः f. ill-report or rumour.

-व्यसनम् 1 a fond pursuit or resolve; Mu.3.

-2 bad propensity, vice; तेन दुर्व्यसनेनासीद्भोजने$पि कदर्थना Ks.73.73.

-व्रत a. not conforming to rules, disobedient.

-हुतम् a badly offered sacrifice.

-हृद् a. wicked-hearted, ill-disposed, inimical; अकुर्वतोर्वां शुश्रूषां क्लिष्टयोर्दुर्हृदा भृशम् Bhāg.1.45.9. (-m.) an enemy.

-हृदय a. evil-minded, evil-intention- ed, wicked.

-हृषीक a. having defective organs of sense.

Sanskrit-English dictionary > दुर् _dur
14 popolano

popolano agg. of the (common) people; common: abitudini popolane, customs of the common people; di origine popolana, of low birth; modo di fare popolano, common manners

◆ s.m. man of the people // i popolani, the common people (o populace).

* * *
[popo'lano] popolano (-a)
1. agg

of the people, popular

saggezza popolana — popular lore

2. sm/f

man (woman)of the people

* * *
[popo'lano] 1.
aggettivo lower class, of the common people
2.
sostantivo maschile man* of the people

* * *

popolano

/popo'lano/

I aggettivo

lower class, of the common people

II sostantivo maschile

man* of the people.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > popolano
15 अवर _avara

अवर a. [वृ-बा˚ अप् न. त]

1 (a) Younger (in years); मासेनावरः = मासावरः Sk. (b) Later; Posterior hinder (in time or space); दक्षौ विवस्वानवरः Rām.; पूर्वजे- नावरः पुत्रौ ज्येष्ठो राज्ये$भिषिच्यते Rām.; यदवरं कौशाम्ब्याः, यदवरमाग्रहायण्याः P.III.3.136-7 sk.; रामाद्वर्षेणाधोक्षजो$वरः Bop.

-2 Following, succeeding; जरावराः (शब्दाः) Ak., अवरः श्रद्धयोपेतः Bhāg.4.18.4. चतुरो$वरान् Ms.3.33.

-3 Below, under, lower, inferior, less; वर्णावरो भ्राता M.1.

-4 Mean, unimportant, worst, lowest (opp. उत्तम); अव्यङ्ग्यमवरं स्मृतम् K. P.1; दूरेण ह्यवरं कर्म बुद्धियोगाद्- धनञ्जय Bg.2.49; श्रद्दधानं शुभां विद्यामाददीतावरादपि Ms. 2.238.

-5 Last (opp. प्रथम); सामान्यमेषां प्रथमावरत्वम् Ku. 7.44.

-6 Least; usually as the last member of comp. with numerals; त्र्यवरैः साक्षिभिर्भाव्यः Ms.8.6,3.187; 11.8,12.11; त्र्यवरा परिषद् ज्ञेया 112; Y.2.69.

-7 Western.

-8 Nearer, next.

-9 Most excellent (अत्यन्त- श्रेष्ठ).

-रः 1 A country behind.

-2 Time gone.

-रा 1 A Direction.

-2 N. of Durgā.

-रम् The hind thigh of an elephant (also ˚ रा).

-Comp. -अर्धः 1 the least part, the minimum.

-2 the last half.

-3 the hinder part of the body. (

-र्धम्) ind. in a certain succession of parts, successively.

˚तः ind. from below.

-अर्ध्य a. [अवरार्धे भवः यत्]

1 being or on the lower or near side.

-2 belonging to the last half.

-3 beginning from below.

-4 defective (न्यून). (

-र्ध्यम्) the least or smallest part.

- अवर a. lowest, most inferior of all; न हि प्रकृष्टान् प्रेष्यांस्तु प्रेषयत्यवरावरान् Rām.

-उक्त a. named last.

-ज n.

1 younger, junior, born afterwards Śi.14.74.

-2 of a low birth, inferior.

(-जः) 1 a younger brother; भीमसेनादवरजः श्रेष्ठः सर्वधनुष्मताम् Mb.14.72.14; R.11.54; 14.11,36.

-2 a Sūdra. (

-जा) a younger sister; विदर्भ- राजावरजा R.6.58.84; 12.32.

-परम् ind. one after (upon) another; यस्मिन्त्समुद्रो द्यौर्भूमिस्त्रयो$वरपरं श्रिताः Av. 11.3.2.

-पुरुषाः (pl.) one's descendants.

-वर्ण a. belonging to a low caste or tribe.

(-र्णः) 1 a Sūdra, a man of the fourth tribe.

-2 the last or fourth tribe; स्पर्शेनावरवर्णजः (हन्ति) Ms.3.241. ब्राह्मणान् बाधमानं तु कामा- दवरवर्णजम् (हन्यात्) 9.248.

-वर्णक, -वर्णजः a Sūdra.

-व्रत a. having no vow (हीनव्रत or अधमव्रत). (

-तः) [अवरम् अत्यन्तश्रेष्ठं व्रतमस्य]

1 the Sun.

-2 a kind of tree ( Arka).

-शैलः [अवरः पश्चाद्वर्ति शैलः] the western mountain (behind which the sun is supposed to set).

Sanskrit-English dictionary > अवर _avara
16 barn-fóstr

n. ‘bairn-fostering,’ a kind of adoption in olden times; at bjóða e-m b., to offer b. to another man, is a standing custom in the Sagas; men of wealth, but of low birth, in order to get security for their property, offered barnfóstr to noblemen, as in Ld. ch. 16 and ch. 28, Hænsa Þór. S. (Ísl. ii. 125), Harð. S. ch. 9 (Ísl. ii. 23); or it was done as a matter of policy, it being regarded as a homage to be the foster-father of another man’s son; því at sá er mælt at sá sé útignari sem öðrum fóstrar barn, Fms. i. 16; ok er sá kallaðr æ minni maðr, er öðrum fóstrar barn, Ld. 108; thus Jon Loptsson offered b. to the young Snorri, in order to soothe the wounded pride of his father Sturla, Sturl. i. 106; Ari Frodi was fostered by Hall í Haukadal, Íb.; Njal offered to adopt as a son the young Hoskuld, in order to atone for the slaying of his father, Nj. ch. 95; cp. also the interesting story of the kings Harold and Athelstan and the young Hacon, Fms. i. l. c.: as a matter of friendship, Ld. 144, Bs. i. 73, 74, Sturl. i. 223, Ld. 25, and many other instances.

COMPD: barnfóstrlaun.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > barn-fóstr
17 arf-sal

n. cession of right of inheritance, Grág. i. 205, 225, 227, (cp. branderfð, Dan. fledföre, mod. Icel. prófenta, and gefa prófentu sína); a law term, to hand over one’s own property to another man on condition of getting succour and support for life. In the time of the Commonwealth, arfsal had a political sense, and was a sort of ‘clientela;’ the chiefs caused rich persons, freedmen, and monied men of low birth to bequeath them all their wealth, and in return supported them in lawsuits during life. Such is the case in Vápn. 13, Hænsaþór. S. ch. 7, Eb. ch. 31; eptir þat handsalaði Ulfarr (a wealthy freedman) Arnkatli fé sitt allt, ok gerðist hann (viz. Arnkell) þá varnaðarmaðr ( protector) Úlfars: v. also Þórð. S., hann bjó á landi Skeggja ok hafði görzt arfsalsmaðr hans ( his client), 50: it was humiliating; engar mátti hann (the bishop) ölmusur gefa af líkamlegri eign, heldr var hann haldinn sem arfsalsmaðr, Sturl. ii. 119. To the chiefs in olden times it was a source of wealth and influence, often in an unfair way.

COMPDS: arfsalsmaðr, arfsalsmáldagi.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > arf-sal
18 lowness

low·ness

[ˈləʊnəs, AM ˈloʊ-]

n no pl

1. (in height) Niedrigkeit f; of the neckline Tiefe f

2. (low-pitch) of note Tiefe f; of voice Gedämpftheit f

the \lowness of his voice is unusual for a man für einen Mann hat er eine ungewöhnlich leise Stimme

3. (shortage) of supplies Knappheit f

4. (meanness) Niederträchtigkeit f, Gemeinheit f

5. (depression) Niedergeschlagenheit f

* * *
['ləʊnɪs]
n

1) Niedrigkeit f; (of bow, note) Tiefe f; (of food, supplies) Knappheit f; (of light) Gedämpftheit f; (of sun, shares) niedriger Stand; (pej) Minderwertigkeit f

lowness of a river — niedriger Wasserstand eines Flusses

2)

the lowness of her voice — ihre leise Stimme

3) (of birth, rank) Niedrigkeit f; (of taste, manners) Gewöhnlichkeit f; (of character) Schlechtheit f, Schlechtigkeit f; (of joke) Geschmacklosigkeit f; (of trick) Gemeinheit f

4) (of resistance, morale) Schwäche f

the present lowness of his spirits — seine gegenwärtige Niedergeschlagenheit

* * *

lowness [ˈləʊnıs] s

1. Niedrigkeit f (auch fig)

2. Tiefe f (einer Verbeugung, eines Tons etc)

3. Knappheit f (von Vorräten etc)

4. lowness of spirits → academic.ru/44057/low-spiritedness">low-spiritedness

5. Minderwertigkeit f

6. a) Ordinärheit f, Vulgarität f

b) Gemeinheit f, Niederträchtigkeit f

* * *

n.

Tiefe -n f.

English-german dictionary > lowness
19 high

1. adjective
1) hoch [Berg, Gebäude, Mauer]

2) (above normal level) hoch [Stiefel]

the river/water is high — der Fluss/das Wasser steht hoch

be left high and dry — (fig.) auf dem trock[e]nen sitzen (ugs.)

3) (far above ground or sea level) hoch [Gipfel, Punkt]; groß [Höhe]

4) (to or from far above the ground) hoch [Aufstieg, Sprung]

high diving — Turmspringen, das; see also academic.ru/5412/bar">bar 1. 2)

5) (of exalted rank) hoch [Beamter, Amt, Gericht]

a higher court — eine höhere Instanz

high and mighty — (coll.): (highhanded) selbstherrlich; (coll.): (superior) hochnäsig (ugs.)

be born or destined for higher things — zu Höherem geboren od. bestimmt sein

those in high places — die Oberen

6) (great in degree) hoch; groß [Gefallen, Bedeutung]; stark [Wind]

be held in high regard/esteem — hohes Ansehen/hohe Wertschätzung genießen

high blood pressure — Bluthochdruck, der

have a high opinion of somebody/something — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben (geh.); viel von jemandem/etwas halten

7) (noble, virtuous) hoch [Ideal, Ziel, Prinzip, Berufung]; edel [Charakter]

of high birth — von hoher Geburt (geh.)

8) (of time, season)

it is high time you left — es ist od. wird höchste Zeit, dass du gehst

high noon — Mittag

high summer — Hochsommer, der

9) (luxurious, extravagant) üppig [Leben]

10) (enjoyable)

have a high [old] time — sich bestens amüsieren

11) (coll.): (on a drug) high nicht attr. (ugs.) (on von)

get high on — sich anturnen mit (ugs.) [Haschisch, LSD usw.]

12) (in pitch) hoch [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang usw.]

13) (slightly decomposed) angegangen (landsch.) [Fleisch]

14) (Cards) hoch

ace is high — As ist hoch
2. adverb
1) (in or to a high position) hoch

high on our list of priorities — weit oben auf unserer Prioritätenliste

search or hunt or look high and low — überall suchen

2) (to a high level) hoch

prices have gone too high — die Preise sind zu stark gestiegen

I'll go as high as two thousand pounds — ich gehe bis zweitausend Pfund
3. noun
1) (highest level/figure) Höchststand, der; see also all-time

2) (high position)

on high — hoch oben od. (geh., südd., österr.) droben; (in heaven) im Himmel

3) (Meteorol.) Hoch, das

* * *
1. adjective
1) (at, from, or reaching up to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: a high mountain; a high dive; a dive from the high diving-board.) hoch

2) (having a particular height: This building is about 20 metres high; My horse is fifteen hands high.) hoch

3) (great; large; considerable: The car was travelling at high speed; He has a high opinion of her work; They charge high prices; high hopes; The child has a high fever/temperature.) hoch

4) (most important; very important: the high altar in a church; Important criminal trials are held at the High Court; a high official.) Haupt-...

5) (noble; good: high ideals.) hoch

6) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) stark

7) ((of sounds) at or towards the top of a (musical) range: a high note.) hoch

8) ((of voices) like a child's voice (rather than like a man's): He still speaks in a high voice.) hoch

9) ((of food, especially meat) beginning to go bad.) angegangen

10) (having great value: Aces and kings are high cards.) hoch
2. adverb
(at, or to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: The plane was flying high in the sky; He'll rise high in his profession.) hoch

- highly
- highness
- high-chair
- high-class
- higher education
- high fidelity
- high-handed
- high-handedly
- high-handedness
- high jump
- highlands
- high-level
- highlight 3. verb
(to draw particular attention to (a person, thing etc).) hervorheben

- highly-strung
- high-minded
- high-mindedness
- high-pitched
- high-powered
- high-rise
- highroad
- high school
- high-spirited
- high spirits
- high street
- high-tech 4. adjective
((also hi-tech): high-tech industries.)

- high tide
- high treason
- high water
- highway
- Highway Code
- highwayman
- high wire
- high and dry
- high and low
- high and mighty
- the high seas
- it is high time
* * *

high

[haɪ]

I. adj

1. (altitude) hoch präd, hohe(r, s) attr

he lives on the \highest floor er wohnt im obersten Stockwerk

I knew him when he was only so \high ich kannte ihn schon als kleines Kind

the river is \high der Fluss führt Hochwasser

she wore a dress with a \high neckline sie trug ein hochgeschlossenes Kleid

to fly at a \high altitude in großer Höhe fliegen

the rooms in our flat have \high ceilings unsere Wohnung hat hohe Räume

thirty centimetres/one metre \high dreißig Zentimeter/ein Meter hoch

\high cheekbones hohe Wangenknochen

to do a \high dive einen Kopfsprung aus großer Höhe machen

\high forehead hohe Stirn

\high latitude GEOG hohe Breite

2. (above average) hohe(r, s) attr, hoch präd

she got very \high marks sie bekam sehr gute Noten

the job demands a \high level of concentration die Tätigkeit erfordert hohe Konzentration

to have \high hopes sich dat große Hoffnungen machen

to have \high hopes for sb für jdn große Pläne haben

to have a \high IQ einen hohen IQ haben

a \high-scoring match ein Match nt mit vielen Treffern

to have a \high opinion of sb von jdm eine hohe Meinung haben

to be full of \high praise [for sb/sth] [für jdn/etw] voll des Lobes sein

to pay a \high price for sth ( also fig) für etw akk einen hohen Preis bezahlen a. fig

to drive at \high speed mit hoher Geschwindigkeit fahren

to demand \high standards from sb/sth hohe Ansprüche [o Anforderungen] an jdn/etw stellen

3. (of large numerical value)

the casualty toll from the explosion was \high die Explosion forderte viele Opfer

\high calibre [or AM caliber] gun großkalibrige Waffe

of the \highest calibre [or AM caliber] ( fig) hervorragend

the \highest common denominator der größte gemeinsame Nenner

\high number hohe [o große] Zahl

4. (important)

safety is \high on my list of priorities Sicherheit steht weit oben auf meiner Prioritätenliste

to have sth on the \highest authority ( esp hum) etw aus zuverlässiger Quelle wissen

\high crimes schwere Vergehen

to hold/resign from \high office ein hohes Amt innehaben/niederlegen

to have friends in \high places wichtige Freunde haben

of \high rank hochrangig

5. (noble)

to be of \high birth adliger Abstammung sein

to have \high principles hohe Prinzipien haben

6. ( pej: arrogant) arrogant

to be \high and mighty ( pej) herablassend sein

7. (intense)

to have a \high complexion ein gerötetes Gesicht haben

to be \high drama hochdramatisch sein

\high wind starker Wind

8. MED

\high blood-pressure hoher Blutdruck

\high fever hohes Fieber

9. FOOD (rich)

\high in calories kalorienreich

to be \high in calcium/iron viel Kalzium/Eisen enthalten

10. (intoxicated, euphoric) high a. fig fam

to be \high on drugs mit Drogen vollgepumpt sein

to be [as] \high as a kite ( fam: euphoric) total high sein sl; (drunk) stockbesoffen sein sl

11. (shrill)

to sing in a \high key in einer hohen Tonlage singen

a \high note ein hoher Ton

a \high voice eine schrille Stimme

12. LING

\high vowel hoher Vokal

13. pred (gone off)

▪ to be \high food riechen; game Hautgout haben

14.

▶ with one's head held \high hoch erhobenen Hauptes

▶ come hell or \high water um jeden Preis

come hell or \high water, I'm going to get this finished by midnight und wenn die Welt untergeht, bis Mitternacht habe ich das fertig

▶ to leave sb \high and dry jdn auf dem Trockenen sitzen lassen

▶ to stink to \high heaven (smell awful) wie die Pest stinken sl; (be very suspicious) zum Himmel stinken fig sl

▶ sb's stock is \high jds Aktien stehen gut fig, jd steht hoch im Kurs

▶ \high time höchste Zeit

II. adv

1. (position) hoch

you have to throw the ball \high du musst den Ball in die Höhe werfen

▪ \high up hoch oben

2. (amount) hoch

the prices are running \high die Preise liegen hoch

he said he would go as \high as 500 dollars er meinte, er würde maximal 500 Dollar ausgeben

3. (intensity)

the sea was running \high das Meer tobte; ( fig)

feelings were running \high die Gemüter erhitzten sich

4.

▶ to hold one's head \high stolz sein

▶ \high and low überall

to look [or search] for sth \high and low das Unterste nach oben kehren fig

▶ to live \high on [or off] the hog fürstlich leben

III. n

1. (high point) Höchststand m

to reach an all-time [or a record] \high einen historischen Höchststand erreichen

2. METEO Hoch nt

3. (exhilaration)

\highs and lows Höhen und Tiefen fig

to be on a \high high sein sl

4. (heaven)

on \high im Himmel, in der Höhe poet

God looked down from on \high Gott blickte vom Himmel herab; ( hum fig fam)

the orders came from on \high die Befehle kamen von höchster Stelle

5. AUTO höchster Gang

to move into \high den höchsten Gang einlegen

* * *
[haɪ]
1. adj (+er)

1) mountain, wall, forehead, building hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

high building — ein 80 Meter hohes Gebäude

high — das Gebäude ist 80 Meter hoch

a high dive — ein Kopfsprung m aus großer Höhe

on one of the higher floors — in einem der oberen Stockwerke

he lives on a higher floor — er wohnt weiter oben

the highest floor — die oberste Etage

at high tide or water — bei Flut or Hochwasser

the river is quite high — der Fluss führt ziemlich viel Wasser

high and dry (boat) — auf dem Trockenen

to be left high and dry — auf dem Trockenen sitzen (inf)

he left her high and dry with four young children — er hat sie mit vier kleinen Kindern sitzen lassen

I knew him when he was only so high — ich kannte ihn, als er nur SO groß war or noch so klein war

See:

→ also high ground

2) (= important, superior) hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

high office — hohes Amt

on the highest authority — von höchster Stelle

to be high and mighty — erhaben tun

to be on one's high horse (fig) —

O Lord most high (Bibl) — erhabener Gott

3) (= considerable, extreme, great) opinion, speed, temperature, fever, pressure, salary, price, rate, density, sea hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr; reputation ausgezeichnet, hervorragend; altitude groß; wind stark; complexion, colour (hoch)rot

/quality — von bestem Format/bester Qualität

casualties were high — es gab viele Opfer; (Mil) es gab hohe Verluste

the temperature was in the high twenties — die Temperatur lag bei fast 30 Grad

to pay a high price for sth (lit, fig) — etw teuer bezahlen

to put a high value on sth —

the highest common factor — der größte gemeinsame Teiler

to the highest degree — im höchsten Grad or Maß

to have high expectations of sb/sth — hohe Erwartungen an jdn/etw stellen

in (very) high spirits — in Hochstimmung, in äußerst guter Laune

high in fat — fettreich

to have a high old time (inf) — sich prächtig amüsieren, mächtig Spaß haben (inf)

it was high drama — es war hochdramatisch

4) (= good, admirable) ideals, principles hoch

a man of high character — ein Mann von Charakter

5)

(of time) high noon — zwölf Uhr mittags

it's high time you went home — es ist or wird höchste Zeit, dass du nach Hause gehst

6) sound, note hoch; (= shrill) schrill

7) (inf on drugs) high (inf); (on drink) blau (inf)

to get high on alcohol — sich (mit Alkohol) besaufen (inf)

to get high on cocaine — sich mit Kokain anturnen (sl)

8) meat angegangen

9) (CARDS) hoch pred, hohe(r, s) attr

aces high — Ass ist die höchste (Stich)karte

2. adv (+er)

1) hoch

high up (position) — hoch oben; (motion) hoch hinauf

birds circling very high up — Vögel, die ganz weit oben kreisen

higher up the hill was a small farm — etwas weiter oben am Berg lag ein kleiner Bauernhof

high (up) on the agenda — ganz oben auf der Tagesordnung

high up in the organization — weit oben in der Organisationsstruktur

one floor higher — ein Stockwerk höher

to throw sth high in(to) the air — etw hoch in die Luft werfen

2)

to go as high as £200 — bis zu £ 200 (hoch) gehen

inflation is climbing higher and higher —

the sea is running high — das Meer ist sehr stürmisch

feelings ran high — die Gemüter erhitzten sich

to search high and low — überall suchen

3. n

1)

God on high — Gott in der Höhe or im Himmel

the orders have come from on high (hum inf) — der Befehl kommt von oben

2)

unemployment/the pound has reached a new high — die Arbeitslosenzahlen haben/das Pfund hat einen neuen Höchststand erreicht

sales have reached an all-time high — die Verkaufszahlen sind so hoch wie nie zuvor

the highs and lows of my career — die Höhen und Tiefen pl meiner Laufbahn

3) (MET) Hoch nt

4) (US AUT

= top gear) in high —

he moved into high — er schaltete hoch or in den höchsten Gang

5) (US inf = high school) Penne f (inf)

* * *

high [haı]

A adj (adv → highly)( → higher, highest)

1. hoch:

ten feet high zehn Fuß hoch;

at high altitudes in großen Höhen; → beam A 6, horse A 1

2. hoch (gelegen):

High Asia Hochasien n

3. GEOG hoch (nahe den Polen):

high latitude hohe Breite

4. hoch (Grad):

high prices;

high temperature;

high expectations große oder hohe Erwartungen;

high favo(u)r hohe Gunst;

high hopes große Hoffnungen;

high praise großes Lob;

keep the pace high SPORT das Tempo hoch halten;

high speed

a) hohe Geschwindigkeit,

b) SCHIFF hohe Fahrt, äußerste Kraft;

high starting number SPORT hohe Startnummer;

be high in calories viele Kalorien haben;

be high in fat fettreich sein; → gear A 3

5. stark, heftig:

high passion wilde Leidenschaft;

high wind starker Wind;

high words heftige oder scharfe Worte

6. hoch (im Rang), Hoch…, Ober…, Haupt…:

a high official ein hoher Beamter;

the Most High der Allerhöchste (Gott)

7. bedeutend, hoch, wichtig:

high aims hohe Ziele;

high politics pl (oft als sg konstruiert) hohe Politik

8. hoch (Stellung), vornehm, edel:

of high birth von hoher oder edler Geburt, hochgeboren;

high society High Society f, gehobene Gesellschaftsschicht; → standing A 1

9. hoch, erhaben, edel:

high spirit erhabener Geist

10. hoch, gut, erstklassig (Qualität etc):

high performance hohe Leistung

11. hoch, Hoch… (auf dem Höhepunkt stehend):

High Middle Ages pl Hochmittelalter n;

high period Glanzzeit f (eines Künstlers etc)

12. hoch, fortgeschritten (Zeit):

high summer Hochsommer m;

it is high day es ist heller Tag; → high time 1, noon A 1

13. (zeitlich) fern, tief:

in high antiquity tief im Altertum

14. LING

a) Hoch… (Sprache)

b) hoch (Laut):

high tone Hochton m

15. hoch (im Kurs), teuer:

land is high Land ist teuer

16. → high-and-mighty

17. extrem, eifrig (Sozialdemokrat etc)

18. a) hoch, hell (Ton etc)

b) schrill, laut (Stimme etc)

19. lebhaft (Farben):

high complexion rosiger Teint

20. erregend, spannend (Abenteuer etc)

21. a) gehoben, heiter: → jinks, spirit A 8

b) umg blau (betrunken)

c) umg high (im Drogenrausch)

d) umg high (in euphorischer Stimmung)

22. umg scharf, erpicht ( beide:

on auf akk)

23. GASTR angegangen, mit Hautgout (Wild):

be high Hautgout haben

24. SCHIFF hoch am Wind

B adv

1. hoch:

aim high fig sich hohe Ziele setzen oder stecken;

lift high in die Höhe heben, hochheben;

run high

a) hochgehen (See, Wellen),

b) fig toben (Gefühle);

feelings ran high die Gemüter erhitzten sich;

search high and low überall suchen, etwas wie eine Stecknadel suchen

2. stark, heftig, in hohem Grad oder Maß

3. teuer:

pay high teuer bezahlen

4. hoch, mit hohem Einsatz:

play ( oder gamble) high

5. üppig:

live high in Saus und Braus leben

6. SCHIFF hoch am Wind

C s

1. (An)Höhe f, hoch gelegener Ort:

on high

a) hoch oben, droben,

b) hoch hinauf,

c) im oder zum Himmel;

from on high

a) von oben,

b) vom Himmel

2. METEO Hoch(druckgebiet) n

3. TECH

a) hochübersetztes oder hochuntersetztes Getriebe (an Fahrzeugen), besonders Geländegang m

b) höchster Gang:

move ( oder shift) into high den höchsten Gang einlegen

4. fig Höchststand m:

food prices have reached a new high;

his life was full of highs and lows sein Leben war voller Höhen und Tiefen

5. umg für high school

6. he’s still got his high umg er ist noch immer blau oder high

* * *
1. adjective
1) hoch [Berg, Gebäude, Mauer]

2) (above normal level) hoch [Stiefel]

the river/water is high — der Fluss/das Wasser steht hoch

be left high and dry — (fig.) auf dem trock[e]nen sitzen (ugs.)

3) (far above ground or sea level) hoch [Gipfel, Punkt]; groß [Höhe]

4) (to or from far above the ground) hoch [Aufstieg, Sprung]

high diving — Turmspringen, das; see also bar 1. 2)

5) (of exalted rank) hoch [Beamter, Amt, Gericht]

a higher court — eine höhere Instanz

high and mighty — (coll.): (highhanded) selbstherrlich; (coll.): (superior) hochnäsig (ugs.)

be born or destined for higher things — zu Höherem geboren od. bestimmt sein

those in high places — die Oberen

6) (great in degree) hoch; groß [Gefallen, Bedeutung]; stark [Wind]

be held in high regard/esteem — hohes Ansehen/hohe Wertschätzung genießen

high blood pressure — Bluthochdruck, der

have a high opinion of somebody/something — eine hohe Meinung von jemandem/etwas haben (geh.); viel von jemandem/etwas halten

7) (noble, virtuous) hoch [Ideal, Ziel, Prinzip, Berufung]; edel [Charakter]

of high birth — von hoher Geburt (geh.)

8) (of time, season)

it is high time you left — es ist od. wird höchste Zeit, dass du gehst

high noon — Mittag

high summer — Hochsommer, der

9) (luxurious, extravagant) üppig [Leben]

10) (enjoyable)

have a high [old] time — sich bestens amüsieren

11) (coll.): (on a drug) high nicht attr. (ugs.) (on von)

get high on — sich anturnen mit (ugs.) [Haschisch, LSD usw.]

12) (in pitch) hoch [Ton, Stimme, Lage, Klang usw.]

13) (slightly decomposed) angegangen (landsch.) [Fleisch]

14) (Cards) hoch

ace is high — As ist hoch
2. adverb
1) (in or to a high position) hoch

high on our list of priorities — weit oben auf unserer Prioritätenliste

search or hunt or look high and low — überall suchen

2) (to a high level) hoch

prices have gone too high — die Preise sind zu stark gestiegen

I'll go as high as two thousand pounds — ich gehe bis zweitausend Pfund
3. noun
1) (highest level/figure) Höchststand, der; see also all-time

2) (high position)

on high — hoch oben od. (geh., südd., österr.) droben; (in heaven) im Himmel

3) (Meteorol.) Hoch, das

* * *

adj.

hoch adj.

hoh adj. n.

Hoch nur sing. n.

Höchststand m.

English-german dictionary > high
20 BERA

tote

* * *

I)

(ber; bar, bárum; borinn), v.

I.

1) to bear, carry, convey (bar B. biskup í börum suðr í Hvamm);

bera (farm) af skipi, to unload a ship;

bera (mat) af borði, to take (the meat) off the table;

bera e-t á hesti, to carry on horseback;

2) to wear (bera klæði, vápn, kórónu);

bera œgishjálm, to inspire fear and awe;

3) to bear, produce, yield (jörðin berr gras; tré bera aldin, epli);

4) to bear, give birth to, esp. of sheep and cows;

kýr hafði borit kálf, had calved;

absol., ván at hón mundi bera, that the cow would calve;

the pp. is used of men; hann hafði verit blindr borinn, born blind;

verða borinn í þenna heim, to be born into this world;

þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, born to;

borinn e-m, frá e-m (rare), born of;

Nótt var Nörvi borin, was the daughter of N.;

borinn Sigmundi, son of S.;

5) bera e-n afli, ofrafli, ofrliði, ofrmagni, ofríki, to bear one down, overcome, oppress, one by odds or superior force;

bera e-n ráðum, to overrule one;

bera e-n málum, to bear one down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit;

bera e-n sök, to charge one with a fault;

bera e-n bjóri, to make drunk with beer;

verða bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise;

borinn verkjum, overcome by pains;

þess er borin ván, there is no hope, all hope is gone;

borinn baugum, bribed; cf. bera fé á e-n, to bribe one;

6) to lear, be capable of bearing (of a ship, horse, vehicle);

þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, with as much as they could carry;

fig., to sustain, support (svá mikill mannfjöldi, at landit fekk eigi borit);

of persons, to bear up against, endure, support (grief, sorrow, etc.);

absol., bar hann drengiliga, he bore it manfully;

similarly, bera (harm) af sér, berast vel (illa, lítt) af;

bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore up bravely;

hversu berst Auðr af um bróðurdauðann, how does she bear it?

hon berst af lítt, she is much cast down;

bera sik vel upp, to bear well up against;

7) bera e-t á, e-n á hendr e-m, to charge or tax one with (eigi erum vér þess valdir, er þú berr á oss);

bera (kvið) á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty (í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn);

bera af e-m (kviðinn), to give a verdict for;

bera e-t af sér, to deny having done a thing;

bera or bera vitni, vætti, to bear witness, testify;

bera or bera um e-t, to give a verdict in a case;

bera e-n sannan at sök, to prove guilty by evidence;

bera e-n undan sök, to acquit;

bera í sundr frændsemi þeirra, to prove (by evidence) that they are not relations;

bera e-m vel (illa) söguna, to give a favourable (unfavourable) account of one;

refl. (pass.), berast, to be proved by evidence (þótt þér berist þat faðerni, er þú segir);

8) to set forth, report, tell;

bera e-m kveðju (orð, orðsending), to bring one a greeting, compliments (word, message);

bera or bera fram erindi sín fyrir e-n, to state (tell) one’s errand or to plead one’s case before one;

bera e-m njósn, to apprise one;

bera e-t upp, to produce, mention, tell;

bera upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle;

bera upp erindi sín, to state one’s errand;

bera saman ráð sín, to consult together;

eyddist það ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed;

9) to keep, hold, bear, of a title (bera jarlnafn, konnungsnafn);

bera (eigi) giptu, gæfu, hammingju, auðnu til e-s, (not) to have the good fortune to do a thing (bar hann enga gæfu til at þjóna þér);

bera vit, skyn, kunnáttu á e-t, to have knowledge of, uniderstanding about;

vel viti borinn, endowed with a good understanding;

bera hug, áræði, þor, traust til e-s, to have courage, confidence to do a thing;

bera áhyggju fyrir e-u, to be concerned about;

bera ást, elsku, hatr til e-s, to bear affection, love, hatred to;

10) to bear off or away, carry off (some gain);

bera sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in;

hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orustum, he had been victorious in two battles;

bera hærra (lægra) hlut to get the best (the worst) of it;

bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to gain the victory;

bera hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), to be in high (low) spirits;

bera halann bratt, lágt, to cock up or let fall the tail, to be in high or low spirits;

11) with preps.:

bera af e-m, to surpass;

en þó bar Bolli af, surpassed all the rest;

bera af sér högg, lag to ward off, parry a blow or thrust;

bera eld at, to set fire to;

bera fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one;

bera vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons;

bera á or í, to smear, anoint (bera vatn í augu sér, bera tjöru í höfuð sér);

bera e-t til, to apply to, to try if it fits (bera til hvern lykil af öðrum at portinu);

bera e-t um, to wind round;

þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body;

bera um með e-n, to bear with, have patience with;

bera út barn, to expose a child;

12) refl., berast mikit (lítit) á, to bear oneself proudly (humbly);

láta af berast, to die;

láta fyrir berast e-s staðar, to stay, remain in a place (for shelter);

berast e-t fyrir, to design a thing (barst hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur);

at njósna um, hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about;

berast vápn á, to attack one another;

berast at or til, to happen;

þat barst at (happened) á einhverju sumri;

ef svá harðliga kann til at berast, if that misfortune does happen;

berast í móti, to happen, occur;

hefir þetta vel í móti borizt, it is a happy coincidence;

berast við, to be prevented;

ok nú lét almáttugr guð við berast kirkjubrunann, prevented, stopped the burning of the church;

II. impers., denoting a sort of passive or involuntary motion;

1) with acc., it bears or carries one to a place;

alla berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end);

bar hann (acc.) þá ofan gegnt Ösuri, he happened to come down just opposite to Ö.;

esp. of ships and sailors; berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eða annarra landa, we drift to Iceland or other countries;

þá (acc.) bar suðr í haf, they were carried out southwards;

Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, S. came suddenly upon them;

ef hann (acc.) skyldi bera þar at, if he should happen to come there;

e-n berr yfir, one is borne onwards, of a bird flying, a man riding;

hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, it passed quickly (of a flying meteor);

2) followed by preps.:

Gunnar sér, at rauðan kyrtil bar við glugginn, that a red kirtle passed before the window;

hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, there was nowhere a shadow;

e-t berr fram (hátt), is prominent;

Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingu ok bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, stood out conspicuously;

e-t berr á milli, comes between;

leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect;

fig. e-m berr e-t á milli, they are at variance about a thing;

mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, many things come now before my eyes;

veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m, game falls to one’s lot;

e-t berr undan, goes amiss, fails;

bera saman, to coincide;

bar nöfn þeirra saman, they had the same name;

fig., with dat.; bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the stories agreed well together;

fund várn bar saman, we met;

3) bera at, til, við, at hendi, til handa, to befall, happen, with dat. of the person;

svá bar at einn vetr, it happened one winter;

þó at þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, has befallen us;

bar honum svá til, it so befell him;

þat bar við (it so happened), at Högni kom;

raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by fact;

4) of time, to fall upon;

ef þing (acc.) berr á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls in the holy week;

bera í móti, to coincide, happen exactly at the same time;

5) denoting cause;

e-t berr til, causes a thing;

konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief;

ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason;

berr e-m nauðsyn til e-s, one is obliged to do a thing;

6) e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot;

hon á arf at taka, þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn;

e-t berr frá, is surpassing;

er sagt, at þat (acc.) bæri frá, hvé vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they spoke;

7) e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden;

e-t berr stóru, stórum (stœrrum), it amounts to much (more), it matters a great deal (more), it is of great (greater) importance;

8) absol. or with an adv., vel, illa, with infin.;

e-m berr (vel, illa) at gera e-t, it becomes, beseems one (well, ill) to do a thing (berr yðr vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli);

used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, or unbeseeming, improper, unfit (þat þykkir eigi illa bera, at).

II)

(að), v. to make bare (hon beraði likam sinn).

III)

f. she-bear, = birna.

* * *

1.

u, f.

I. [björn], a she-bear, Lat. ursa; the primitive root ‘ber’ remains only in this word (cp. berserkr and berfjall), björn (q. v.) being the masc. in use, Landn. 176, Fas. i. 367, Vkv. 9: in many Icel. local names, Beru-fjörðr, -vík, from Polar bears; fem. names, Bera, Hallbera, etc., Landn.

II. a shield, poët., the proverb, baugr er á beru sæmstr, to a shield fits best a baugr (q. v.), Lex. Poët., Edda (Gl.); hence names of poems Beru-drápa, Eg.

2.

bar, báru, borit, pres. berr,—poët. forms with the suffixed negative; 3rd pers. sing. pres. Indic. berrat, Hm. 10; 3rd pers. sing. pret. barat, Vellekla; 1st pers. sing. barkak, Eb. 62 (in a verse); barkat ek, Hs. 8; 2nd pers. sing. bartattu; 3rd pers. pl. bárut, etc., v. Lex. Poët. [Gr. φέρειν; Lat. ferre; Ulf. bairan; A. S. beran; Germ. gebären; Engl. bear; Swed. bära; Dan. bære].

A. Lat. ferre, portare:

I. prop. with a sense of motion, to bear, carry, by means of the body, of animals, of vehicles, etc., with acc., Egil tók mjöðdrekku eina mikla, ok bar undir hendi sér, Eg. 237; bar hann heim hrís, Rm. 9; konungr lét bera inn kistur tvær, báru tveir menn hverja, Eg. 310; bera farm af skipi, to unload a ship, Ld. 32; bera (farm) á skip, to load a ship, Nj. 182; tóku alla ösku ok báru á á ( amnem) út, 623, 36; ok bar þat ( carried it) í kerald, 43, K. Þ. K. 92; b. mat á borð, í stofu, to put the meat on table, in the oven; b. mat af borði, to take it off table, Eb. 36, 266, Nj. 75, Fms. ix. 219, etc.

2. Lat. gestare, ferre, denoting to wear clothes, to carry weapons; skikkja dýr er konungr hafði borit, Eg. 318; b. kórónu, to wear the crown, Fms. x. 16; atgeir, Nj. 119; vápn, 209: metaph., b. ægishjálm, to inspire fear and awe; b. merki, to carry the flag in a battle, Nj. 274, Orkn. 28, 30, 38, Fms. v. 64, vi. 413; bera fram merki, to advance, move in a battle, vi. 406.

3. b. e-t á hesti (áburðr), to carry on horseback; Auðunn bar mat á hesti, Grett. 107; ok bar hrís á hesti, 76 new Ed.; þeir báru á sjau hestum, 98 new Ed.

II. without a sense of motion:

1. to give birth to; [the root of barn, bairn; byrja, incipere; burðr, partus; and burr, filius: cp. Lat. parĕre; also Gr. φέρειν, Lat. ferre, of child-bearing.] In Icel. prose, old as well as mod., ‘ala’ and ‘fæða’ are used of women; but ‘bera,’ of cows and sheep; hence sauðburðr, casting of lambs, kýrburðr; a cow is snembær, siðbær, Jólabær, calves early, late, at Yule time, etc.; var ekki ván at hon ( the cow) mundi b. fyr en um várit, Bs. i. 193, 194; kýr hafði borit kálf, Bjarn. 32; bar hvárrtveggi sauðrinn sinn burð, Stj. 178: the participle borinn is used of men in a great many compds in a general sense, aptrborinn, árborinn, endrborinn, frjálsborinn, goðborinn, höldborinn, hersborinn, konungborinn, óðalborinn, samborinn, sundrborinn, velborinn, úborinn, þrælborinn, etc.; also out of compds, mun ek eigi upp gefa þann sóma, sem ek em til borinn, … entitled to by inheritance, Ld. 102; hann hafði blindr verit borinn, born blind, Nj. 152, Hdl. 34, 42, Vsp. 2: esp. borinn e-m, born of one, Rm. 39, Hdl. 12, 23, 27, Hðm. 2, Gs. 9, Vþm. 25, Stor. 16, Vkv. 15; borinn frá e-m, Hdl. 24: the other tenses are in theol. Prose used of Christ, hans blezaða son er virðist at láta berast hingað í heim af sinni blezaðri móður, Fms. i. 281; otherwise only in poetry, eina dóttur (acc.) berr álfröðull (viz. the sun, regarded as the mother), Vþm. 47; hann Gjálp um bar, hann Greip um bar …, Hdl. 36: borit (sup.), Hkv. 1. 1.

β. of trees, flowers; b. ávöxt, blóm …, to bear fruit, flower … (freq.); bar aldinviðrinn tvennan blóma, Fms. ix. 265; cp. the phrase, bera sitt barr, v. barr.

2. denoting to load, with acc. of the person and dat. of the thing:

α. in prop. sense; hann hafði borit sik mjök vápnum, he had loaded himself with arms, i. e. wore heavy armour, Sturl. iii. 250.

β. but mostly in a metaph. sense; b. e-n ofrafli, ofrmagni, ofrliði, ofríki, magni, to bear one down, to overcome, oppress one, by odds or superior force, Grág. i. 101, ii. 195, Nj. 80, Hkr. ii. 371, Gþl. 474, Stj. 512, Fms. iii. 175 (in the last passage a dat. pers. badly); b. e-n ráðum, to overrule one, Nj. 198, Ld. 296; b. e-n málum, to bearhim down (wrongfully) in a lawsuit, Nj. 151; b. e-n bjóri, to make drunk, Vkv. 26: medic., borinn verkjum, sótt, Bjarn. 68, Og. 5; bölvi, Gg. 2: borne down, feeling heavy pains; þess er borin ván, no hope, all hope is gone, Ld. 250; borinn sök, charged with a cause, Fms. v. 324, H. E. i. 561; bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise, Fms. iv. 111; b. fé, gull á e-n, to bring one a fee, gold, i. e. to bribe one, Nj. 62; borinn baugum, bribed, Alvm. 5; always in a bad sense, cp. the law phrase, b. fé í dóm, to bribe a court, Grág., Nj. 240.

3. to bear, support, sustain, Lat. sustinere, lolerare, ferre:

α. properly, of a ship, horse, vehicle, to bear, be capable of bearing; þeir hlóðu bæði skipin sem borð báru, all that they could carry, Eb. 302;—a ship ‘berr’ ( carries) such and such a weight; but ‘tekr’ ( takes) denotes a measure of fluids.

β. metaph. to sustain, support; dreif þannig svá mikill mannfjöldi at landit fékk eigi borit, Hkr. i. 56; but metaph. to bear up against, endure, support grief, sorrow, etc., sýndist öllum at Guð hefði nær ætlað hvat hann mundi b. mega, Bs. i. 139; biðr hann friðar ok þykist ekki mega b. reiði hans, Fms. iii. 80: the phrase, b. harm sinn í hljóði, to suffer silently; b. svívirðing, x. 333: absol., þótti honum mikit víg Kjartans, en þó bar hann drengilega, he bore it manfully, Ld. 226; er þat úvizka, at b. eigi slíkt, not to bear or put up with, Glúm. 327; b. harm, to grieve, Fms. xi. 425: in the phrases, b. sik, b. af sér, berask, berask vel (illa, lítt), to bear oneself, to bear up against misfortune; Guðrúnu þótti mikit fráfall Þorkels, en þó bar hon sköruliga af sér, she bore her bravely up, Ld. 326–328; lézt hafa spurt at ekkjan bæri vel af sér harmana, Eb. 88; berask af; hversu bersk Auðr af um bróðurdauðann? (how does she bear it?); hón bersk af lítt ( she is much borne down) ok þykir mikit, Gísl. 24; niun oss vandara gört en öðrum at vér berim oss vel (Lat. fortiter ferre), Nj. 197; engi maðr hefði þar jamvel borit sik, none bad borne himself so boldly, Sturl. iii. 132; b. sik vel upp, to bear well up against, bear a stout heart, Hrafn. 17; b. sik beiskliga ( sorely), Stj. 143; b. sik lítt, to be downcast, Fms. ii. 61; b. sik at göra e-t, to do one’s best, try a thing.

III. in law terms or modes of procedure:

1. bera járn, the ordeal of bearing hot iron in the hand, cp. járnburðr, skírsla. This custom was introduced into Scandinavia together with Christianity from Germany and England, and superseded the old heathen ordeals ‘hólmganga,’ and ‘ganga undir jarðarmen,’ v. this word. In Norway, during the civil wars, it was esp. used in proof of paternity of the various pretenders to the crown, Fms. vii. 164, 200, ix. Hák. S. ch. 14, 41–45, viii. (Sverr. S.) ch. 150, xi. (Jómsv. S.) ch. 11, Grett. ch. 41, cp. N. G. L. i. 145, 389. Trial by ordeal was abolished in Norway A. D. 1247. In Icel. It was very rarely mentioned, vide however Lv. ch. 23 (paternity), twice or thrice in the Sturl. i. 56, 65, 147, and Grág. i. 341, 361; it seems to have been very seldom used there, (the passage in Grett. S. l. c. refers to Norway.)

2. bera út (hence útburðr, q. v.), to expose children; on this heathen custom, vide Grimm R. A. In heathen Icel., as in other parts of heathen Scandinavia, it was a lawful act, but seldom exercised; the chief passages on record are, Gunnl. S. ch. 3 (ok þat var þá siðvandi nokkurr, er land var allt alheiðit, at þeir menn er félitlir vórn, en stóð ómegð mjök til handa létu út bera börn sín, ok þótti þó illa gört ávalt), Fs. Vd. ch. 37, Harð. S. ch. 8, Rd. ch. 7, Landn. v. ch. 6, Finnb. ch. 2, Þorst. Uxaf. ch. 4, Hervar. S. ch. 4, Fas. i. 547 (a romance); cp. Jómsv. S. ch. 1. On the introduction of Christianity into Icel. A. D. 1000, it was resolved that, in regard to eating of horse-flesh and exposure of children, the old laws should remain in force, Íb. ch. 9; as Grimm remarks, the exposure must take place immediately after birth, before the child had tasted food of any kind whatever, and before it was besprinkled with water (ausa vatni) or shown to the father, who had to fix its name; exposure, after any of these acts, was murder, cp. the story of Liafburga told by Grimm R. A.); v. Also a Latin essay at the end of the Gunnl. S. (Ed. 1775). The Christian Jus Eccl. put an end to this heathen barbarism by stating at its very beginning, ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr, i. e. all children, if not of monstrous shape, shall be brought up, N. G. L. i. 339, 363.

β. b. út (now more usual, hefja út, Am. 100), to carry out for burial; vera erfðr ok tit borinn, Odd. 20; var hann heygðr, ok út borinn at fornum sið, Fb. i. 123; b. á bál, to place (the body and treasures) upon the pile, the mode of burying in the old heathen time, Fas. i. 487 (in a verse); var hon borin á bálit ok slegit í eldi, Edda 38.

B. Various and metaph. cases.

I. denoting motion:

1. ‘bera’ is in the Grág. the standing law term for delivery of a verdict by a jury (búar), either ‘bera’ absol. or adding kvið ( verdict); bera á e-n, or b. kvið á e-n, to give a verdict against, declare guilty; bera af e-m, or b. af e-m kviðinn, to give a verdict for; or generally, bera, or b. um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera, or b. vitni, vætti, also simply means to testify, to witness, Nj. 111, cp. kviðburðr ( delivering of verdict), vitnisburðr ( bearing witness), Grág. ii. 28; eigi eigu búar ( jurors) enn at b. um þat hvat lög eru á landi hér, the jurors have not to give verdict in (to decide) what is law in the country, cp. the Engl. maxim, that jurors have only to decide the question of evidence, not of law, Grág. (Kb.) ch. 85; eigi eru búar skildir at b. um hvatvetna; um engi mál eigu þeir at skilja, þau er erlendis ( abroad) hafa görzt, id.; the form in delivering the verdict—höfum vér ( the jurors), orðit á eitt sáttir, berum á kviðburðinn, berum hann sannan at sökinni, Nj. 238, Grág. i. 49, 22, 138, etc.; í annat sinn báru þeir á Flosa kviðinn, id.; b. annattveggja af eðr á; b. undan, to discharge, Nj. 135; b. kvið í hag ( for), Grág. i. 55; b. lýsingar vætti, Nj. 87; b. vitni ok vætti, 28, 43, 44; b. ljúgvitni, to bear false witness, Grág. i. 28; b. orð, to bear witness to a speech, 43; bera frændsemi sundr, to prove that they are not relations, N. G. L. i. 147: reflex., berask ór vætti, to prove that oneself is wrongly summoned to bear witness or to give a verdict, 44: berask in a pass. sense, to be proved by evidence, ef vanefni b. þess manns er á hönd var lýst, Grág. i. 257; nema jafnmæli berisk, 229; þótt þér berisk þat faðerni er þú segir, Fms. vii. 164; hann kvaðst ætla, at honum mundi berask, that he would be able to get evidence for, Fs. 46.

β. gener. and not as a law term; b. á, b. á hendr, to charge; b. e-n undan, to discharge, Fs. 95; eigi erum vér þessa valdir er þú berr á oss, Nj. 238, Ld. 206, Fms. iv. 380, xi. 251, Th. 78; b. e-m á brýnn, to throw in one’s face, to accuse, Greg. 51; b. af sér, to deny; eigi mun ek af mér b., at… ( non diffitebor), Nj. 271; b. e-m gott vitni, to give one a good…, 11; b. e-m vel (illa) söguna, to bear favourable (unfavourable) witness of one, 271.

2. to bear by word of mouth, report, tell, Lat. referre; either absol. or adding kveðju, orð, orðsending, eyrindi, boð, sögu, njósn, frétt…, or by adding a prep., b. fram, frá, upp, fyrir; b. kveðju, to bring a greeting, compliment, Eg. 127; b. erindi (sín) fyrir e-n, to plead one’s case before one, or to tell one’s errand, 472, 473; b. njósn, to apprise, Nj. 131; b. fram, to deliver (a speech), talaði jungherra Magnús hit fyrsta erindi (M. made his first speech in public), ok fanst mönnum mikit um hversu úbernsliga fram var borit, Fms. x. 53; (in mod. usage, b. fram denotes gramm. to pronounce, hence ‘framburðr,’ pronunciation); mun ek þat nú fram b., I shall now tell, produce it, Ld. 256, Eg. 37; b. frá, to attest, relate with emphasis; má þat frá b., Dropl. 21; b. upp, to produce, mention, tell, þótt slík lygi sé upp borin fyrir hann, though such a lie be told him, Eg. 59; þær (viz. charges) urðu engar upp bornar ( produced) við Rút, Nj. 11; berr Sigtryggr þegar upp erindi sín (cp. Germ. ojfenbaren), 271, Ld. 256; b. upp gátu, to give (propound) a riddle, Stj. 411, Fas. i. 464; b. fyrir, to plead as an excuse; b. saman ráð sín, or the like, to consult, Nj. 91; eyddist þat ráð, er þeir báru saman, which they had designed, Post. 656 A. ii; b. til skripta, to confess (eccl.), of auricular confession, Hom. 124, 655 xx.

II. in a metaphorical or circumlocutory sense, and without any sense of motion, to keep, hold, bear, of a title; b. nafn, to bear a name, esp. as honour or distinction; tignar nafn, haulds nafn, jarls nafn, lends manns nafn, konungs nafn, bónda nafn, Fms. i. 17, vi. 278, xi. 44, Gþl. 106: in a more metaph. sense, denoting endowments, luck, disposition, or the like, b. (ekki) gæfu, hamingju, auðnu til e-s, to enjoy (enjoy not) good or bad luck, etc.; at Þórólfr mundi eigi allsendis gæfu til b. um vináttu við Harald, Eg. 75, 112, 473, Fms. iv. 164, i. 218; úhamingju, 219; b. vit, skyn, kunnáttu á (yfir) e-t, to bring wit, knowledge, etc., to bear upon a thing, xi. 438, Band. 7; hence vel (illa) viti borinn, well (ill) endowed with wit, Eg. 51; vel hyggjandi borinn, well endowed with reason, Grág. ii; b. hug, traust, áræði, þor, til e-s, to have courage, confidence … to do a thing, Gullþ. 47, Fms. ix. 220, Band. 7; b. áhyggju, önn fyrir, to care, be concerned about, Fms. x. 318; b. ást, elsku til e-s, to bear affection, love to one; b. hatr, to hate: b. svört augu, to have dark eyes, poët., Korm. (in a verse); b. snart hjarta, Hom. 5; vant er þat af sjá hvar hvergi berr hjarta sitt, where he keeps his heart, Orkn. 474; b. gott hjarta, to bear a proud heart, Lex. Poët., etc. etc.; b. skyndi at um e-t, to make speed with a thing, Lat. festinare, Fms. viii. 57.

2. with some sense of motion, to bear off or away, carry off, gain, in such phrases as, b. sigr af e-m, af e-u, to carry off the victory from or in …; hann hafði borit sigr af tveim orrustum, er frægstar hafa verit, he had borne off the victory in two battles, Fms. xi. 186; bera banaorð af e-m, to slay one in a fight, to be the victor; Þorr berr banaorð af Miðgarðsormi, Edda 42, Fms. x. 400: it seems properly to mean, to bear off the fame of having killed a man; verðat svá rík sköp, at Regin skyli mitt banorð bera, Fm. 39; b. hærra, lægra hlut, ‘to bear off the higher or the lower lot,’ i. e. to get the best or the worst of it, or the metaphor is taken from a sortilege, Fms. ii. 268, i. 59, vi. 412; b. efra, hærra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, to get the victory, x. 394, Lex. Poët.; b. hátt (lágt) höfuðit, to bear the head high (low), i. e. to be in high or low spirits, Nj. 91; but also, b. halann bratt (lágt), to cock up or let fall the tail (metaph. from cattle), to be in an exultant or low mood: sundry phrases, as, b. bein, to rest the bones, be buried; far þú til Íslands, þar mun þér auðið verða beinin at b., Grett. 91 A; en þó hygg ek at þú munir hér b. beinin í Norðrálfunni, Orkn. 142; b. fyrir borð, to throw overboard, metaph. to oppress; verðr Þórhalli nú fyrir borð borinn, Th. was defied, set at naught, Fær. 234; b. brjóst fyrir e-m, to be the breast-shield, protection of one, Fms. vii. 263: also, b. hönd fyrir höfuð sér, metaph. to put one’s hand before one’s head, i. e. to defend oneself; b. ægishjálm yfir e-m, to keep one in awe and submission, Fm. 16, vide A. I. 2.

III. connected with prepp., b. af, and (rarely) yfir (cp. afburðr, yfirburðr), to excel, surpass; eigi sá hvárttveggja féit er af öðrum berr, who gets the best of it, Nj. 15; en þó bar Bolli af, B. surpassed all the rest, Ld. 330; þat mannval bar eigi minnr af öðrum mönnum um fríðleik, afi ok fræknleik, en Ormrinn Langi af öðrum skipum, Fms. ii. 252; at hinn útlendi skal yfir b. ( outdo) þann sem Enskir kalla meistara, xi. 431: b. til, to apply, try if it fits; en er þeir báru til (viz. shoes to the hoof of a horse), þá var sem hæfði hestinum, ix. 55; bera til hvern lykil at öðrum at portinu, Thom. 141; b. e-t við, to try it on (hence viðburðr, experiment, effort): b. um, to wind round, as a cable round a pole or the like, Nj. 115; þá bar hann þá festi um sik, made it fast round his body, Fms. ix. 219; ‘b. e-t undir e-n’ is to consult one, ellipt., b. undir dóm e-s; ‘b. e-t fyrir’ is to feign, use as excuse: b. á, í, to smear, anoint; b. vatn í augu sér, Rb. 354; b. tjöru í höfuð sér, Nj. 181, Hom. 70, 73, cp. áburðr; b. gull, silfr, á, to ornament with gold or silver, Ld. 114, Finnb. 258: is now also used = to dung, b. á völl; b. vápn á e-n, to attack one with sharp weapons, Eg. 583, Fms. xi. 334: b. eld at, to set fire to, Nj. 122; b. fjötur (bönd) at e-m, to put fetters (bonds) on one, Fms. x. 172, Hm. 150: metaph. reflex., bönd berask at e-m, a law term, the evidence bears against one; b. af sér, to parry off; Gyrðr berr af sér lagit, G. parries the thrust off, Fms. x. 421; cp. A. II. 3. β.

IV. reflex., berask mikit á (cp. áburðr), to bear oneself proudly, or b. lítið á, to bear oneself humbly; hann var hinn kátasti ok barst á mikit, Fms. ii. 68, viii. 219, Eb. 258; b. lítið á, Clem. 35; láta af berask, to die; Óttarr vill skipa til um fjárfar sitt áðr hann láti af b., Fms. ii. 12: berask fyrir, to abide in a place as an asylum, seek shelter; hér munu vit láta fyrir b., Fas. iii. 471; berask e-t fyrir, to design a thing, be busy about, barsk hann þat fyrir at sjá aldregi konur, Greg. 53; at njósna um hvat hann bærist fyrir, to inquire into what he was about, Fms. iv. 184, Vígl. 19.

β. recipr. in the phrase, berask banaspjót eptir, to seek for one another’s life, Glúm. 354: b. vápn á, of a mutual attack with sharp weapons, Fms. viii. 53.

γ. pass., sár berask á e-n, of one in the heat of battle beginning to get wounds and give way, Nj.:—berask við, to be prevented, not to do; ok nú lét Almáttugr Guð við berast kirkjubrunnann, stopped, prevented the burning of the church, Fms. v. 144; en mér þætti gott ef við bærist, svá at hón kæmi eigi til þín, vi. 210, vii. 219; ok var þá búit at hann mundi þegar láta hamarinn skjanna honum, en hann lét þat við berask, he bethought himself and did not, Edda 35; því at mönnum þótti sem þannig mundi helzt úhæfa við berask, that mischief would thus be best prevented, Sturl. ii. 6, iii. 80.

C. IMPERS.:—with a sort of passive sense, both in a loc. and temp. sense, and gener. denotes an involuntary, passive motion, happening suddenly or by chance:

I. with acc. it bears or carries one to a place, i. e. one happens to come; the proverb, alla (acc.) berr at sama brunni, all come to the same well (end), Lat. omnes una manet nox; bar hann þá ofan gegnt Özuri, he happened to come in his course just opposite to Ö., Lat. delatus est, Dropl. 25: esp. of ships or sailors; nú berr svá til ( happens) herra, at vér komum eigi fram ferðinni, berr oss (acc.) til Íslands eðr annara landa, it bore us to I., i. e. if we drive or drift thither, Fms. iv. 176; þá (acc. pl.) bar suðr í haf, they drifted southwards, Nj. 124.

β. as a cricketing term, in the phrase, berr (bar) út knöttinn, the ball rolls out, Gísl. 26, cp. p. 110 where it is transit.; berr Gísli ok út knöttinn, vide Vígl. ch. 11, Grett. ch. 17, Vd. ch. 37, Hallfr. S. ch. 2.

γ. Skarpheðin (acc.) bar nú at þeim, Sk. came suddenly upon them, Nj. 144; bar at Hróaldi þegar allan skjöldinn, the shield was dashed against H.’s body, 198; ok skyldu sæta honum, ef hann (acc.) bæri þar at, if he should per chance come, shew himself there, Orkn. 406; e-n berr yfir, it bears one, i. e. one is borne onwards, as a bird flying, a man riding; þóttist vita, at hann (acc.) mundi fljótara yfir bera ef hann riði en gengi, that he would get on more fleetly riding than walking, Hrafn. 7; hann (acc.) bar skjótt yfir, he passed quickly, of a flying meteor, Nj. 194; e-n berr undan, escapes.

2. also with acc. followed by prepp. við, saman, jafnframt, hjá, of bodies coinciding or covering one another: loc., er jafnframt ber jaðrana tungls ok sólar, if the orb of the moon and sun cover each other, Rb. 34; þat kann vera stundum, at tunglit (acc.) berr jafht á millum vár ok sólar (i. e. in a moon eclipse), 108; ber nokkut jaðar (acc.) þess hjá sólar jaðri, 34; Gunnarr sér at rauðan kyrtil (acc.) bar við glugginn, G. sees that a red kirtle passed before the window, Nj. 114; bar fyrir utan þat skip vápnaburð (acc.) heiðingja (gen. pl.), the missiles of the heathens passed over the ship without hurting them, flew too high, Fms. vii. 232; hvergi bar skugga (acc.) á, nowhere a shadow, all bright, Nj. 118; þangat sem helzt mátti nokkut yfir þá skugga bera af skóginum, where they were shadowed (hidden) by the trees, Fms. x. 239; e-t berr fram (hátt), a body is prominent, Lat. eminet; Ólafr konungr stóð í lyptingunni, bar hann (acc.) hátt mjök, king O. stood out conspicuously, ii. 308; b. yfir, þótti mjök bera hljóð (acc.) þar yfir er Ólafr sat, the sound was heard over there where O. sat, Sturl. i. 21; b. á milli, something comes between; leiti (acc.) bar á milli, a hill hid the prospect, Nj. 263: metaph., e-m berr e-t á milli, they come to dissent, 13, v. 1.; b. fyrir augu (hence fyrirburðr, vision), of a vision or the like; mart (acc.) berr nú fyrir augu mér, ek sé …, many things come now before my eyes, 104; hann mundi allt þat er fyrir hann hafði borit, i. e. all the dream, 195; eina nótt berr fyrir hann í svefni mikla sýn, Fms. i. 137, Rd. 290; veiði (acc.) berr í hendr e-m (a metaphor from hunting), sport falls to one’s lot; hér bæri veiði í hendr nú, here would be a game, Nj. 252; e-t berr undan (a metaphor from fishing, hunting term), when one misses one’s opportunity; vel væri þá … at þá veiði (acc.) bæri eigi undan, that this game should not go amiss, 69; en ef þetta (acc.) berr undan, if this breaks down, 63; hon bað hann þá drepa einhvern manna hans, heldr en allt (acc.) bæri undan, rather than that all should go amiss, Eg. 258: absol., þyki mér illa, ef undan berr, if I miss it, Nj. 155; viljum vér ekki at undan beri at…, we will by no means miss it…, Fms. viii. 309, v. 1. The passage Bs. i. 416 (en fjárhlutr sá er átt hafði Ari, bar undan Guðmundi) is hardly correct, fjárhlut þann would run better, cp. bera undir, as a law term, below.

II. adding prepp.; b. við, at, til, at hendi, at móti, til handa …, to befall, happen, Lat. accidere, occurrere, with dat. of the person, (v. atburðr, viðburðr, tilburðr); engi hlut skyldi þann at b., no such thing should happen as…, Fms. xi. 76; svá bar at einn vetr, it befell, x. 201; þat hefir nú víst at hendi borit, er…, Nj. 174; þó þetta vandræði (acc.) hafi nú borit oss (dat.) at hendi, Eg. 7; b. til handa, id., Sks. 327; bar honum svá til, so it befell him, Fms. xi. 425; at honum bæri engan váðaligan hlut til á veginum, that nothing dangerous should befall him on the way, Stj. 212; bæri þat þá svá við, at hann ryfi, it then perchance might happen, that …, 102; þat bar við at Högni kom, 169, 172, 82; raun (acc.) berr á, it is proved by the fact, event, Fms. ix. 474, x. 185.

2. temp., e-t berr á, it happens to fall on …; ef þing (acc.) ber á hina helgu viku, if the parliament falls on the holy week (Whitsun), Grág. i. 106; ef Crucis messu (acc.) berr á Drottins dag, Rb. 44; berr hana (viz. Petrs messu, June 29) aldrei svá optarr á öldinni, 78; þat er nú berr oss næst, what has occurred of late, Sturl. iii. 182: b. í móti, to happen exactly at a time; þetta (acc.) bar í móti at þenna sama dag andaðist Brandr biskup, Bs. i. 468; b. saman, id.; bar þat saman, at pá var Gunnarr at segja brennusöguna, just when G. was about telling the story, Nj. 269.

3. metaph. of agreement or separation; en þat (acc.) þykir mjök saman b. ok þessi frásögn, Fms. x. 276: with dat., bar öllum sögum vel saman, all the records agreed well together, Nj. 100, v. l.; berr nú enn í sundr með þeim, Bjarna ok Þorkatli at sinni, B. and Th. missed each other, Vápn. 25.

4. denoting cause; e-t (acc.) berr til …, causes a thing; ætluðu þat þá allir, at þat mundi til bera, that that was the reason, Nj. 75; at þat beri til skilnaðar okkars, that this will make us to part (divorce), 261; konungr spurði, hvat til bæri úgleði hans, what was the cause of his grief? Fms. vi. 355; þat berr til tunglhlaups, Rb. 32.

β. meiri ván at brátt beri þat (acc.) til bóta, at herviliga steypi hans ríki, i. e. there will soon come help (revenge), Fms. x. 264; fjórir eru þeir hlutir er menn (acc.) berr í ætt á landi hér, there are four cases under which people may be adopted, Grág. i. 361.

γ. e-t berr undir e-n, falls to a person’s lot; hon á arf at taka þegar er undir hana berr, in her turn, 179; mikla erfð (acc.) bar undir hana, Mar. (Fr.); berr yfir, of surpassing, Bs. ii. 121, 158; b. frá, id. (fráburðr); herðimikill svá at þat (acc.) bar frá því sem aðrir menn, Eg. 305; er sagt, at þat bæri frá hve vel þeir mæltu, it was extraordinary how well they did speak, Jb. 11; bar þat mest frá hversu illa hann var limaðr, but above all, how…, Ó. H. 74.

5. with adverbial nouns in a dat. form; e-t berr bráðum, happens of a sudden; berr þetta (acc.) nú allbráðum, Fms. xi. 139; cp. vera bráðum borinn, to be taken by surprise (above); berr stórum, stærrum, it matters a great deal; ætla ek stærrum b. hin lagabrotin (acc.), they are much more important, matter more, vii. 305; var þat góðr kostr, svá at stórum bar, xi. 50; hefir oss orðit svá mikil vanhyggja, at stóru berr, an enormous blunder, Gísl. 51; svá langa leið, at stóru bar, Fas. i. 116; þat berr stórum, hversu mér þóknast vel þeirra athæfi, it amounts to a great deal, my liking their service, i. e. I do greatly like, Fms. ii. 37; eigi berr þat allsmám hversu vel mér líkar, in no small degree do I like, x. 296.

β. with dat., it is fitting, becoming; svá mikit sem landeiganda (dat.) berr til at hafa eptir lögum, what he is legally entitled to, Dipl. iii. 10; berr til handa, it falls to one’s lot, v. above, Grág. i. 93.

III. answering to Lat. oportet, absolutely or with an adverb, vel, illa, with infinit.; e-m berr, it beseems, becomes one; berr þat ekki né stendr þvílíkum höfuðfeðr, at falsa, Stj. 132; berr yðr (dat.) vel, herra, at sjá sannindi á þessu máli, Fms. ix. 326; sagði, at þat bar eigi Kristnum mönnum, at særa Guð, x. 22; þá siðu at mér beri vel, Sks. 353 B: used absol., berr vel, illa, it is beseeming, proper, fit, unbeseeming, unfit, improper; athæfi þat er vel beri fyrir konungs augliti, 282; þat þykir ok eigi illa bera, at maðr hafi svart skinn til hosna, i. e. it suits pretty well, 301: in case of a pers. pron. in acc. or dat. being added, the sentence becomes personal in order to avoid doubling the impers. sentence, e. g. e-m berr skylda (not skyldu) til, one is bound by duty; veit ek eigi hver skylda (nom.) yðr (acc.) ber til þess at láta jarl einn ráða, Fms. i. 52: also leaving the dat. out, skylda berr til at vera forsjámaðr með honum, vii. 280; eigi berr hér til úviska mín, it is not that I am not knowing, Nj. 135.

IV. when the reflex. inflexion is added to the verb, the noun loses its impers. character and is turned from acc. into nom., e. g. þar (þat?) mun hugrinn minn mest hafa fyrir borizt, this is what I suspected, fancied, Lv. 34; cp. hugarburðr, fancy, and e-t berr fyrir e-n (above, C. I. 2); hefir þetta (nom.) vel í móti borizt, a happy coincidence, Nj. 104; ef svá harðliga kann til at berask, if the misfortunes do happen, Gþl. 55; barsk sú úhamingja (nom.) til á Íslandi, that mischief happened (no doubt the passage is thus to be emended), Bs. i. 78, but bar þá úhamingju …; þat (nom.) barsk at, happened, Fms. x. 253; fundir várir (nom.) hafa at borizt nokkurum sinnum, vii. 256; þat barsk at á einhverju sumri, Eg. 154; bærist at um síðir at allr þingheimrinn berðist, 765, cp. berast við, berask fyrir above (B. V.): berast, absol., means to be shaken, knocked about; var þess ván, at fylkingar mundu berast í hergöngunni, that they would be brought into some confusion, Fms. v. 74; Hrólfr gékk at ramliga, ok barst Atli (was shaken, gave away) fyrir orku sakir, þar til er hann féll. Fas. iii. 253; barst Jökull allr fyrir orku sakir (of two wrestling), Ísl. ii. 467, Fms. iii. 189: vide B. IV.

D. In mod. usage the strong bera—bar is also used in impersonal phrases, denoting to let a thing be seen, shew, but almost always with a negative preceding, e. g. ekki bar (ber) á því, it could ( can) not be seen; að á engu bæri, láta ekki á bera ( to keep tight), etc. All these phrases are no doubt alterations from the weak verb bera, að, nudare, and never occur in old writers; we have not met with any instance previous to the Reformation; the use is certainly of late date, and affords a rare instance of weak verbs turning into strong; the reverse is more freq. the case.

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